Air Quality in Two Northern Greek Cities Revealed by Their Tropospheric NO2 Levels

• Published in: Atmosphere Vol. 13; no. 5; p. 840
• Main Authors: Koukouli, Maria-Elissavet, Pseftogkas, Andreas, Karagkiozidis, Dimitris, Skoulidou, Ioanna, Drosoglou, Theano, Balis, Dimitrios, Bais, Alkiviadis, Melas, Dimitrios, Hatzianastassiou, Nikos
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2022
• Subjects: Absorption spectroscopy; Air; Air pollution; Air quality; Analytical methods; Chemical transport; Cities; Coronaviruses; Electric vehicles; Emission measurements; Emissions; Gases; Ground-based observation; Information sources; LOTOS-EUROS; MAX-DOAS; Modelling; Monitoring instruments; Nitrogen dioxide; NOx emissions; Outdoor air quality; Ozone; Photochemistry; Pollutants; Radiation; Remote sensing; S5P/TROPOMI; Seasonal variations; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Simulation; Smog; Spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Transport; Troposphere; Urban air quality; Urban areas; Variability; Greece
• ISSN: 2073-4433; 2073-4433
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050840

In this article, we aim to show the capabilities, benefits, as well as restrictions, of three different air quality-related information sources, namely the Sentinel-5Precursor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) space-born observations, the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) ground-based measurements and the LOng Term Ozone Simulation-EURopean Operational Smog (LOTOS-EUROS) chemical transport modelling system simulations. The tropospheric NO2 concentrations between 2018 and 2021 are discussed as air quality indicators for the Greek cities of Thessaloniki and Ioannina. Each dataset was analysed in an autonomous manner and, without disregarding their differences, the common air quality picture that they provide is revealed. All three systems report a clear seasonal pattern, with high NO2 levels during wintertime and lower NO2 levels during summertime, reflecting the importance of photochemistry in the abatement of this air pollutant. The spatial patterns of the NO2 load, obtained by both space-born observations and model simulations, show the undeniable variability of the NO2 load within the urban agglomerations. Furthermore, a clear diurnal variability is clearly identified by the ground-based measurements, as well as a Sunday minimum NO2 load effect, alongside the rest of the sources of air quality information. Within their individual strengths and limitations, the space-borne observations, the ground-based measurements, and the chemical transport modelling simulations demonstrate unequivocally their ability to report on the air quality situation in urban locations.