First Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the Fresh Leafs of Vegetables in South America

• Published in: Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) Vol. 16; no. 9; p. 624
• Main Authors: Marchioro, Ariella A, Tiyo, Bruna T, Colli, Cristiane M, de Souza, Carla Z, Garcia, João L, Gomes, Mônica L, Falavigna-Guilherme, Ana L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.09.2016
• Subjects: Brazil; DNA, Protozoan - genetics; Food Parasitology; Humans; Plant Leaves - parasitology; Toxoplasma - genetics; Toxoplasma - isolation & purification; Vegetables - parasitology; Environmental contamination; oocyst; organic and nonorganic; toxoplasmosis
• ISSN: 1557-7759
• DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1937

Despite the high dispersion of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in the environment, there are few studies investigating their presence in vegetables consumed by the general population. This has led us to investigate its occurrence in raw vegetables. A total of 238 samples of vegetables were collected, including crisp lettuce, regular lettuce, chicory, rocket, and parsley, both organic and nonorganic, locally in northwestern Parana, Southern Brazil. Each sample (50 g) was washed and filtered separately. A PCR was performed to detect the parasite DNA from the sediment of each sample, using B1 (B22-23) and Toxo4-5 primers. We found contamination in 3.8% of the samples, 0.8% with the primer Toxo4-5 and 2.9% with B22-B23. The results were positive in 0.6% (1/62) of the samples of smooth lettuce, 3.7% (4/106) of crisp head lettuce, 5.0% (2/40) of chicory, 14.3% (1/7) of rocket, and 20% (1/5) of parsley. These data show the contamination by T. gondii in raw vegetables directly from production sites and stores, in both organic and nonorganic samples.