Regional disparity in clinker emission factors and their potential reduction in China

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 28; no. 45; pp. 64220 - 64233
• Main Authors: Gao, Tianming, Shen, Lei, Zhao, Jianan, Wang, Limao, Liu, Litao, Dai, Tao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Air Pollution - analysis; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; China; Clinker; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Electrode potentials; Emission analysis; Emissions control; Energy conservation; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental science; Fuels; Kilns; Materials substitution; Production lines; Raw materials; Research Article; Structural adjustment; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; China; Emission factor; Reduction potential; Cement clinker; Disparity; China
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15415-y

Detailed analysis the disparity and reduction potential of clinker emission factors at the provincial level is important for regional reduction policies. Using the surveyed data from 185 new suspension and pre-heater (NSP) process lines and 69 shaft kiln lines, this study firstly analyzed the disparity in emission factors based on production process, production scale, and regional distribution in 2015. We found that the emission factor of the shaft kiln process (898.24 kg/t) is higher than that of the NSP process (858.59 kg/t), and that small-scale production lines have higher emission factors than large-scale lines both for the two process. China’s clinker emission factors increase from the eastern to the western regions. Then, we estimated the reduction potential of structural adjustment, raw material substitution, and energy saving and fuel substitution in regional emission factors by 2030. The result shows that emission factors of the surveyed provinces will decrease by 101.41–174.60 kg/t compared to the values in 2015, which mainly contributes by energy saving and fuel substitution (65.98%), and raw material substitution (25.72%). And structural adjustment contributes only a small part reduction for most investigated provinces. The national average emission factor is estimated to be 715.33 kg/t in 2030, which indicates a reduction of 16.65%. These results can provide valuable feedback to government officials on the effectiveness of existing measures and also serve as a reference for future decisions on emission reduction polices.