Integrated Analysis of Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionospheric Coupling Associated with the 2021 Mw 7.2 Haiti Earthquake

The search for Earthquake (EQ) precursors in the ionosphere and atmosphere from satellite data has provided significant information about the upcoming main shock. This study presents the abnormal atmospheric and ionospheric perturbations associated with the Mw 7.2 Haiti EQ on 14 August 2021 at geogr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inAtmosphere Vol. 14; no. 2; p. 347
Main Authors Shahzad, Faisal, Shah, Munawar, Riaz, Salma, Ghaffar, Bushra, Ullah, Irfan, Eldin, Sayed M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2023
Subjects
Anomalies
Atmosphere
Coupling
Earthquake prediction
Earthquakes
Emergency communications systems
Fault lines
Gases
Geographical coordinates
Geomagnetic activity
geomagnetic storm
Global navigation satellite system
GNSS TEC
Haiti earthquake
Hypotheses
Ionosphere
Lithosphere
Magnetic fields
Navigation
Navigation satellites
Navigation systems
Navigational satellites
Perturbation
Perturbations
Propagation
Satellite data
Satellites
Seismic activity
Shock
Dominican Republic
Haiti
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Summary:The search for Earthquake (EQ) precursors in the ionosphere and atmosphere from satellite data has provided significant information about the upcoming main shock. This study presents the abnormal atmospheric and ionospheric perturbations associated with the Mw 7.2 Haiti EQ on 14 August 2021 at geographical coordinates (18° N, 73° W) and shallow hypocentral depth of 10 km from the data of permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations near the epicenter, followed by Swarm satellites data. The total vertical electron (VTEC) anomalies occur within a 5-day window before the main shock in the analysis of nearby operation stations, followed by Swarm (A and C satellites) ionospheric anomalies in the same 5-day window before the main shock. Moreover, the geomagnetic activities are completely quiet within 10 days before and 10 days after the main shock. Similarly, the atmospheric parameters endorse the EQ anomalies within 5 days before the main shock day. The evolution of gases from the lithosphere at the epicentral region possessed significant atmospheric and ionospheric perturbations within the EQ preparation period of 5-day before the main shock under the hypothesis of Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC).
ISSN:2073-4433
2073-4433
DOI:10.3390/atmos14020347