The diverse biological roles of mammalian PARPS, a small but powerful family of poly-ADP-ribose polymerases

Poly-ADP-ribose metabolism plays a mayor role in a wide range of biological processes, such as maintenance of genomic stability, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism and cell death. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) are an ancient family of enzymes, as evidenced by the poly-ADP-ribosylati...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in bioscience Vol. 13; no. 13; pp. 3046 - 3082
Main Authors Hassa, Paul O, Hottiger, Michael O
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.01.2008
Subjects
Adenosine Diphosphate - chemistry
Animals
Cell Death
Chromatin - chemistry
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Crystallization
Humans
Mass Spectrometry - methods
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Multigene Family
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - chemistry
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - physiology
Protein Binding
Protein Isoforms
Ribose - chemistry
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Poly-ADP-ribose metabolism plays a mayor role in a wide range of biological processes, such as maintenance of genomic stability, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism and cell death. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) are an ancient family of enzymes, as evidenced by the poly-ADP-ribosylating activities reported in dinoflagellates and archaebacteria and by the identification of Parp-like genes in eubacterial and archaeabacterial genomes. Six genes encoding "bona fide" PARP enzymes have been identified in mammalians: PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, PARP4/vPARP, PARP5/Tankyrases-1 and PARP6/Tankyrases-2. The best studied of these enzymes PARP1 plays a primary role in the process of poly-ADP-ribosylation. PARP1-mediated poly-ADP-ribosylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will summarize the novel findings and concepts for PARP enzymes and their poly-ADP-ribosylation activity in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes. A special focus is placed on the proposed molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, such as signaling, regulation of telomere dynamics, remodeling of chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation. A potential functional cross talk between PARP family members and other NAD+-consuming enzymes is discussed.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1093-9946
1093-4715
DOI:10.2741/2909