Management of blood lipid profile and oxidative status in Holstein and Simmental dairy cows during lactation

• Published in: Mljekarstvo Vol. 69; no. 2; pp. 116 - 124
• Main Authors: Soleša, Dragan, Kučević, Denis, Prodanović, Radivoj, Tomaš Simin, Mirela, Ljubojević Pelić, Dragana, Đuragić, Olivera, Puvača, Nikola, Obućinski, Dejan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Croatian Dairy Union 2019
• Subjects: biomarkers; cows; lactation; management; milk production; stress
• ISSN: 0026-704X; 1846-4025
• DOI: 10.15567/mljekarstvo.2019.0206

Managing and determination of the blood lipid profile and oxidative status are useful tool to show the influence of foreign chemical substances on production of dairy cows. Investigation of various biomarkers of oxidative stress related to various problems in the production dairy cows presents a very important issue. The aim of this research was to investigate different biological markers in two different breeds of dairy cows – the Holstein Friesian and the Simmental, during different stages of lactation. The total of 60 Holstein Friesian and Simmental cows were divided into two treatments (HF and S) which was further divided into three groups each, respectively. Lactating groups of each cow breed was divided into three stages at early lactation of 32-75 days (HF1 and S1), peak lactation of 80-165 days (HF2 and S2) and low lactation of 175 days onward (HF3 and S3). During the research the total milk production and the percentage of milk fat and protein were determined. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein of each cow, the serum was harvested without anticoagulant and stored at -20 °C in small aliquots till further analysis. Serum was then analyzed for triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, GGT, the total antioxidant status (TAS), the total oxidant status (TOS), MDA, SOD, catalase and paraoxonase (PON1). Significantly (P<0.05) higher values of cholesterol, TOS and SOD at peak lactation stage was observed in all cows. A gradual decline from early lactation to low lactation was observed in the values of triglycerides and ALT, while MDA gradually increased from the same stage in all cows. The values of LDL and catalase showed an irregular pattern of variations in various lactation stages among all groups. The Holstein Friesian breed showed significantly higher values of ALT and PON1, while values of HDL, TAS and TOS were the lowest in Simmental group (P<0.05). By measuring the signs of oxidative stress, it was concluded that metabolic efforts of cows during the peak of lactation affected the investigated parameters. Disturbance in feed intake and rise in metabolic processes lift up oxidative stress in cows, especially during the peak of lactation, which might be determined by monitoring blood alterations. Results of our study indicated that the Holstein Friesian breed was under higher oxidative stress during different lactation stages compared to Simmental dairy cows. Upravljanje i određivanje lipidnog profila krvi i oksidacijskog statusa vrlo je korisno sredstvo za dokazivanje utjecaja stranih kemijskih tvari na proizvodnju mliječnih krava. Istraživanje različitih biomarkera oksidativnog stresa povezanog s različitim problemima u proizvodnji mliječnih krava predstavlja vrlo važno pitanje. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti različite biološke markere krava holstein i simentalske pasmine, tijekom različitih faza laktacije. Ukupno 60 krava holstein i simentalske pasmine podijeljeno je u dva tretmana (HF i S) koji su dalje podijeljeni u tri skupine. Skupine svake pasmine krava bile su podijeljene u tri faze u ranoj laktaciji od 32-75 dana (HF1 i S1), maksimalna laktacija 80-165 dana (HF2 i S2) i niska laktacija od 175 dana nadalje (HF3 i S3). Tijekom pokusa utvrđena je ukupna proizvodnja mlijeka i postotak mliječne masti i proteina. Uzorci krvi su uzeti iz jugularne vene svake krave, dok serum je sakupljen bez antikoagulanta i pohranjen na -20 °C u malim alikvotima do daljnje analize. Serum je zatim analiziran na trigliceride, kolesterol, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, GGT, ukupni antioksidacijski status (TAS), ukupni oksidacijski status (TOS), MDA, SOD, katalaze i paraoksonaze (PON1). Značajno (P<0,05) su se pokazale visoke vrijednosti kolesterola, TOS-a i SOD-a na vrhuncu laktacije kod svih krava. Postupno opadanje od rane laktacije do niske laktacije uočeno je u vrijednostima triglicerida, ALT, dok je MDA postupno rasla iz iste faze u svih krava, dok su LDL i katalaza pokazale nepravilan raspon varijacija u različitim fazama laktacije među svim skupinama. Holstein pasmina pokazala je značajno više vrijednosti ALT i PON1 (level of signifikance), dok su vrijednosti HDL, TAS i TOS bile niže u simentalskoj skupini. Pokazujući znakove oksidativnog stresa, zaključeno je da metabolički napori krava tijekom vrha laktacije utječu na istražene parametre. Poremećaj u unosu hrane i porast metaboličkih procesa podižu oksidativni stres kod krava, osobito tijekom vrha laktacije koji se može odrediti nadziranjem promjena u krvi. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je krave holštajn pasmine bila pod većim oksidativnim stresom u različitim fazama laktacije u odnosu na krave simentaske pasmine.