Extreme Variability Quasars in Their Various States. II. Spectral Variation Revealed with Multiepoch Spectra

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 963; no. 1; pp. 7 - 20
• Main Authors: Ren, Wenke, Wang, Junxian, Cai, Zhenyi, Hu, Xufan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.03.2024; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Active galactic nuclei; Black hole physics; Photometric observations; Photometry; Quasars; Sky surveys (astronomy); Spectra; Time domain astronomy; Wavelengths
• ISSN: 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad17cb

Abstract We previously built a sample of 14,012 extremely variable quasars (EVQs) based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Pan-STARRS1 photometric observations. In this work we present the spectral fitting to their SDSS spectra and study the spectral variation in 1259 EVQs with multiepoch SDSS spectra (after prudently excluding spectra with potentially unreliable spectroscopic photometry). We find a clear “bluer-when-brighter” trend in EVQs, consistent with previous findings of normal quasars and active galactic nuclei. We detect significant intrinsic Baldwin effect (iBeff, i.e., smaller line equivalent width at higher continuum flux in individual active galactic nuclei) in the broad Mg ii and C iv lines of EVQs. Meanwhile, no systematical iBeff is found for the broad H β line, which could be attributed to strong host contamination at longer wavelengths. Remarkably, by comparing the iBeff slope of EVQs with archived changing-look quasars, we show that the changing-look quasars identified in the literature are most likely a biased (due to its definition) subpopulation of EVQs, rather than a distinct population of quasars. We also found no significant broad line breathing of H β , Mg ii , or C iv , suggesting the broad line breathing in quasars may disappear at longer timescales (∼3000 days).