A Longitudinal Analysis of Stress in African American Youth: Predictors and Outcomes of Stress Trajectories

• Published in: Journal of youth and adolescence Vol. 32; no. 6; pp. 419 - 430
• Main Authors: Schmeelk-Cone, Karen H, Zimmerman, Marc A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer Nature B.V 01.12.2003
• Subjects: Academic achievement; Adolescent Development; Adolescents; African American Children; African Americans; Antisocial personality disorder; Anxiety; Behavior; Behavior Problems; Black American people; Blood pressure; Child psychology; Children & youth; Coping; Depression (Psychology); Early Adolescents; Ethnicity; Family Environment; Females; Gender differences; Gender Discrimination; Girls; High School Students; Hormones; Hypertension; Individual Differences; Kidney diseases; Locus of Control; Longitudinal studies; Males; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Mental health; Middle Schools; Minority & ethnic groups; Minority Groups; Peer Influence; Peer Relationship; Physical Health; Psychological Patterns; Racial discrimination; Social support; Stress; Teenagers; Womens health
• ISSN: 0047-2891; 1573-6601
• DOI: 10.1023/A:1025934301468

Few researchers have studied trajectories of stress over time in relation to psychosocial outcomes and behaviors among adolescents. A sample of African American adolescents were assessed longitudinally on perceived stress, psychological well-being, support, antisocial behaviors, and academic success. Patterns of stress over 4 time points were developed using a cluster-analytic approach. Differences among the trajectory clusters were examined using psychosocial outcomes and behaviors. Adolescents with chronic levels of stress reported more anxiety and depression, engaged in antisocial behaviors, and reported less active coping than youth in other trajectories. Adolescents with low levels of stress over time reported fewer psychological problems, perceived more social support, and were more likely to graduate from high school than those with higher stress levels over time. We also found that an increase in stress coincided with a lack of support and more psychological problems over time. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]