Bryophyte persistence following major fire in eucalypt forest of southern Australia

• Published in: Forest ecology and management Vol. 296; pp. 24 - 32
• Main Authors: Pharo, E.J., Meagher, D.A., Lindenmayer, D.B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 15.05.2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: age structure; Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Australia; Biological and medical sciences; Biological legacies; Bryophyte; Bryopsida; canopy; Eastern Australia; Eucalypt forest; Eucalyptus regnans; fire severity; forest fires; Forestry; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; interspecific variation; mosses and liverworts; pioneer species; salvage logging; species diversity; Substrate; Succession; Synecology; temperate forests; Terrestrial ecosystems; wood logs; Australia; Oceania; Eucalypt forest; Substrate; Succession; Bryophyte; Eastern Australia; Biological legacies; Vegetals; Forests; Legacy; Forest ecology; South; Bryophyta; Woody plant; Persistence; Eucalyptus; Geographical division; Dicotyledones; Fires; Angiospermae; Fire; Forestry; Myrtaceae; Spermatophyta
• ISSN: 0378-1127; 1872-7042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.018

► Bryophyte species richness and assemblage composition was highly correlated with fire severity. ► High severity fire removed all bryophytes so that only pioneer species were present 2years later. ► At moderate severity fire sites, we found pioneer bryophytes as well as species associated with long unburned forest. ► Unburned areas in the moderately burned sites were vital for harbouring bryophytes. The significance of variation in fire severity is not well understood for bryophyte species richness and composition. This is despite fire being a major factor in determining bryophyte richness and composition in temperate forests. We documented the species richness of mosses and liverworts in 42 sites of Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forest in eastern Australia. We compared two age classes: long unburned stands and 72year old stands following a major fire in February 2009. Within these two age classes, we surveyed sites of contrasting fire severity: (1) unburned, (2) subject to moderate severity fire (intact canopy) and (3) subject to high severity fire (burned canopy). At each site, we surveyed bryophytes in 10m×100m transects, which was large enough to include a variety of microhabitats. Roughly 60% of the variation in species richness (r2=0.61, p<0.001) and composition (R=0.57, p<0.001) was explained by fire severity. High severity fire removed all bryophytes and only pioneer species were present 2years later. In contrast, the moderate severity fire sites were often species rich because they harboured pioneer bryophytes and species associated with long unburned forest. A key finding was the importance of small unburned patches that contained understorey trees and logs for boosting bryophyte richness. Practices such as salvage logging that remove biological legacies are inconsistent with the conservation of bryophyte diversity in this landscape.