The Effects of a High-Protein Diet on Markers of Muscle Damage Following Exercise in Active Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

• Published in: International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism Vol. 30; no. 5; p. 323
• Main Authors: Clifford, Tom, Hayes, Eleanor J, Scragg, Jadine H, Taylor, Guy, Smith, Kieran, Bowden Davies, Kelly A, Stevenson, Emma J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.09.2020
• Subjects: Biomarkers - blood; Diet, High-Protein; Double-Blind Method; Exercise - physiology; Female; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Male; Middle Aged; Myalgia - prevention & control; Myositis - prevention & control; whey protein; high-intensity exercise; immunity
• ISSN: 1543-2742
• DOI: 10.1123/IJSNEM.2020-0113

This study examined whether a higher protein diet following strenuous exercise can alter markers of muscle damage and inflammation in older adults. Using a double-blind, independent group design, 10 males and eight females (age 57 ± 4 years; mass 72.3 ± 5.6 kg; height 1.7 ± 6.5 m) were supplied with a higher protein (2.50 g·kg-1·day-1) or moderate protein (1.25 g·kg-1·day-1) diet for 48 hr after 140 squats with 25% of their body mass. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions, muscle soreness, creatine kinase, Brief Assessment of Mood Adapted, and inflammatory markers were measured preexercise, and 24 hr and 48 hr postexercise. The maximal isometric voluntary contractions decreased postexercise (p = .001, ηp2=.421), but did not differ between groups (p = .822, ηp2=.012). Muscle soreness peaked at 24 hr post in moderate protein (44 ± 30 mm) and 48 hr post in higher protein (70 ± 46 mm; p = .005; ηp2=.282); however, no group differences were found (p = .585; ηp2=.083). Monocytes and lymphocytes significantly decreased postexercise, and eosinophils increased 24 hr postexercise (p < 0.05), but neutrophils, creatine kinase, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and Brief Assessment of Mood Adapted were unchanged by exercise or the intervention (p > .05). In conclusion, 2.50 g·kg-1·day-1 of protein is not more effective than 1.25 g·kg-1·day-1 for attenuating indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammation following strenuous exercise in older adults.