A randomized controlled trial of intermittent theta burst stimulation to the medial prefrontal cortex for tobacco use disorder: Clinical efficacy and safety

• Published in: Drug and alcohol dependence Vol. 258; p. 111278
• Main Authors: Addicott, Merideth A., Kinney, Kaitlin R., Saldana, Santiago, Ip, Edward Hak-Sing, DeMaioNewton, Hannah, Bickel, Warren K., Hanlon, Colleen A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.05.2024
• Subjects: Adult; Cotinine - urine; Craving - physiology; Female; Humans; Intermittent theta burst stimulation; Male; Medial prefrontal cortex; Middle Aged; Prefrontal Cortex; Randomized controlled trial; Smoking cessation; Smoking Cessation - methods; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Theta Rhythm - physiology; TMS; Tobacco use disorder; Tobacco Use Disorder - therapy; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; Tobacco use disorder; Medial prefrontal cortex; Smoking cessation; TMS; Randomized controlled trial; Intermittent theta burst stimulation
• ISSN: 0376-8716; 1879-0046
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111278

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of administering intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the medial prefrontal cortex for tobacco use disorder. A randomized sham-controlled trial was conducted, with 38 participants receiving 28 sessions of active (n=25) or sham (n=13) iTBS (2 sessions/day, 600 pulses/session, 110% resting motor threshold, AFz target) along with smoking cessation education (Forever Free © booklets) over 14 visits. Primary outcomes included self-reported cigarette consumption and abstinence, verified by urinary cotinine tests. Secondary outcomes included symptoms of tobacco use disorder, negative mood, and safety/tolerability. Both active and sham groups reported reduced cigarette consumption (β = −0.12, p = 0.015), cigarette craving (β = −0.16, p = 0.002), and tobacco withdrawal symptoms (β = −0.05, p < 0.001). However, there were no significant time x group interaction effects for any measure. Similarly, the two groups had no significant differences in urinary cotinine-verified abstinence. Adverse events occurred with similar frequency in both groups. There were no differences in cigarette consumption between the active and sham iTBS groups, both groups decreased cigarette consumption similarly. Further research is needed to compare iTBS to standard high-frequency rTMS and explore the potential differences in efficacy. Despite limitations, this study contributes to experimental design considerations for TMS as a novel intervention for tobacco and other substance use disorders, emphasizing the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the stimulation parameters and target sites. •Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) was tested for tobacco use disorder.•iTBS was administered on the medial prefrontal cortex for 14 visits.•Both active and sham iTBS reduced the number of cigarettes per day.