The relationship of perceived discrimination in healthcare and future falls among community-dwelling older persons from an English longitudinal cohort [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

• Published in: F1000 research Vol. 12; p. 1134
• Main Authors: Sandoval Garrido, Felipe Alfonso, Bolt, Timothy, Taniguchi, Yuta, Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Faculty of 1000 Ltd 2023; F1000 Research Ltd
• Subjects: Activities of daily living; Activities of Daily Living - psychology; Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Delivery of Health Care; Discrimination; eng; England; Falls; Fractures; Health care; health services; Hip joint; Humans; Independent Living - psychology; Injuries; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Older people; older persons; Patient admissions; Perceived Discrimination; Physiology; Public health; Socioeconomic factors; Statistical analysis; United Kingdom > UK; England; England; falls; perceived discrimination; older persons; health services
• ISSN: 2046-1402; 2046-1402
• DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140302.1

Background: The objective of this study is to examine the relation between the perceived discrimination suffered by older adults aged 60 and over during a healthcare encounter and its effects on the likelihood of falling 4 and 8 years later.   Methods: To identify discrimination, we used the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) data collected in 2010-2011 (wave 5) that asked respondents about feeling discriminated against by doctors or at hospitals in the past year. Falls were assessed by the question: "Have you fallen down in the last two years?" in subsequent waves. We performed longitudinal analyses using the 2014-2015 (wave 7) and 2018-2019 (wave 9) follow-ups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios of falling.  Results: At baseline, 707 (15.1%) of all respondents experienced healthcare discrimination. Those suffering from discrimination in health care had 64% higher chances of falling 4 years later (odds ratio: 1.637, 95% confidence interval: 1.131-2.368) compared to those who did not, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, wealth, ethnicity, education levels, self-perceived health, depressive symptoms, and difficulties with basic and/or instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) and difficulties with walking. After 8 years, the effect was not statistically significant. Older age was the only significant detrimental factor at both 4 and 8 years.   Conclusions: Understanding discrimination in health care is important to enable safe and welcoming environments for the timely future use of services. These results remind us of the physical risk and the complex panorama of bio-psychosocial determinants involved in tackling discrimination over time.