A method for chronic and semi-chronic microelectrode array implantation in deep brain structures using image guided neuronavigation

• Published in: Journal of neuroscience methods Vol. 397; p. 109948
• Main Authors: Mahmoudian, Borna, Dalal, Hitarth, Lau, Jonathan, Corrigan, Benjamin, Abbas, Mohamad, Barker, Kevin, Rankin, Adam, Chen, Elvis C.S., Peters, Terry, Martinez-Trujillo, Julio C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.09.2023
• Subjects: Deep brain structures; Electrophysiology; Image guided neuronavigation; Microelectrode implantation; Non-human primates; Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG); Electrophysiology; Image guided neuronavigation; Microelectrode implantation; Non-human primates; Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG); Deep brain structures
• ISSN: 0165-0270; 1872-678X; 1872-678X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109948

Accurate targeting of brain structures for in-vivo electrophysiological recordings is essential for basic as well as clinical neuroscience research. Although methodologies for precise targeting and recording from the cortical surface are abundant, such protocols are scarce for deep brain structures. We have incorporated stable fiducial markers within a custom cranial cap for improved image-guided neuronavigation targeting of subcortical structures in macaque monkeys. Anchor bolt chambers allowed for a minimally invasive entrance into the brain for chronic recordings. A 3D-printed microdrive allowed for semi-chronic applications. We achieved an average Euclidean targeting error of 1.6 mm and a radial error of 1.2 mm over three implantations in two animals. Chronic and semi-chronic implantations allowed for recording of extracellular neuronal activity, with single-neuron activity examples shown from one macaque monkey. Traditional stereotactic methods ignore individual anatomical variability. Our targeting approach allows for a flexible, subject-specific surgical plan with targeting errors lower than what is reported in humans, and equal to or lower than animal models using similar methods. Utilizing an anchor bolt as a chamber reduced the craniotomy size needed for electrode implantation, compared to conventional large access chambers which are prone to infection. Installation of an in-house, 3D-printed, screw-to-mount mechanical microdrive is in contrast to existing semi-chronic methods requiring fabrication, assembly, and installation of complex parts. Leveraging commercially available tools for implantation, our protocol decreases the risk of infection from open craniotomies, and improves the accuracy of chronic electrode implantations targeting deep brain structures in large animal models. •Image-guided targeting of subcortical structures in large animal models for chronic microelectrode implantation.•Incorporation of stable screw fiducials into a cranial cap allowed for subject-image registration.•Reduced craniotomy footprint (2.4 mm) for chamber implantation decreased the chance of infections.•In-house 3D-printed microdrive extended the chamber usage to semi-chronic applications.