Preparation of nanometer-sized barium titanate powders by a sol-precipitation process with surfactants

• Published in: Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol. 23; no. 11; pp. 1901 - 1910
• Main Authors: Hung, Kun-Ming, Yang, Wein-Duo, Huang, Chia-Chia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2003; Elsevier
• Subjects: BaTiO 3; Chemical synthesis methods; Chemistry; Colloidal state and disperse state; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Exact sciences and technology; General and physical chemistry; Materials science; Methods of nanofabrication; Nanopowders; Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization; Physics; Powders; Powders: chemical preparation; Sol-gel processes; Surfactants; Sol-gel processes; Powders: chemical preparation; Surfactants; BaTiO 3; Scanning electron microscopy; Inorganic compounds; Basic solution; Thermogravimetry; Barium titanates; XRD; Infrared spectra; Experimental study; Ultrafine powder; Characterization; Nanoparticles; Morphology; Chemical preparation; Sol-gel process; Growth from solution
• ISSN: 0955-2219; 1873-619X
• DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00431-4

Nanometer sized barium titanate powders can be obtained by adding surfactants to titanyl acylate precursors in a strong alkaline solution (pH>13). FTIR, TGA, SEM and XRD were used to investigate the effects of the surfactants influence on the morphology of the obtained titanate powders and their sinterability. In a pre-added surfactant process (i.e. surfactant added before precipitation in alkaline solution), a slower rate of hydrolyzation is observed, and the shift rate in the condensation is slower. Less crosslinking of smaller particles is observed. The addition of anionic surfactant (LAS) in general leads to the formation of micelles, which control the nucleation and crystal growth of the titanate powders. This micelle formation results in a smaller particle size (30–90 nm), and a larger surface area of 60.5 m 2/g for BaTiO 3 powders was obtained. The nanometer-sized barium titanate powders were readily sintered at 1100–1200 °C.