How does chromatin package DNA within nucleus and regulate gene expression?

•How is genomic DNA organized into nuclei?•How chromatin DNA pack within nucleus and regulate gene expression?•Factors control chromatin structure.•Higher order chromatin organization.•Genomic organization. The human body is made up of 60 trillion cells, each cell containing 2 millions of genomic DN...

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Published inInternational journal of biological macromolecules Vol. 101; pp. 862 - 881
Main Authors Fazary, Ahmed E., Ju, Yi-Hsu, Abd-Rabboh, Hisham S.M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.08.2017
Subjects
Animals
Chromatin - chemistry
Chromatin - genetics
Chromatin - metabolism
Chromatin structure
DNA - genetics
DNA - metabolism
DNA packaging
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Genomic organization
Genomics
Humans
Gene expression
DNA packaging
Genomic organization
Chromatin structure
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Summary:•How is genomic DNA organized into nuclei?•How chromatin DNA pack within nucleus and regulate gene expression?•Factors control chromatin structure.•Higher order chromatin organization.•Genomic organization. The human body is made up of 60 trillion cells, each cell containing 2 millions of genomic DNA in its nucleus. How is this genomic deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] organised into nuclei? Around 1880, W. Flemming discovered a nuclear substance that was clearly visible on staining under primitive light microscopes and named it ‘chromatin’; this is now thought to be the basic unit of genomic DNA organization. Since long before DNA was known to carry genetic information, chromatin has fascinated biologists. DNA has a negatively charged phosphate backbone that produces electrostatic repulsion between adjacent DNA regions, making it difficult for DNA to fold upon itself. In this article, we will try to shed light on how does chromatin package DNA within nucleus and regulate gene expression?
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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ISSN:0141-8130
1879-0003
DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.165