The ubiquitin-protein ligase E6AP/UBE3A supports early encephalomyocarditis virus replication

• Published in: Virus research Vol. 252; pp. 48 - 57
• Main Authors: Carmody, Marybeth, Zimmer, Joshua T., Cushman, Camille H., Nguyen, Thao, Lawson, T. Glen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 02.07.2018
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Nucleus - metabolism; Cytoplasm - metabolism; Cytoplasm - virology; DNA Replication; E6AP/UBE3A; Encephalomyocarditis virus; Encephalomyocarditis virus - physiology; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Mice; NIH 3T3 Cells; Picornavirus; ubiquitin-protein ligase; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - genetics; Ubiquitination; Virus Replication; Picornavirus; Virus replication; ubiquitin-protein ligase; E6AP/UBE3A; Encephalomyocarditis virus
• ISSN: 0168-1702; 1872-7492
• DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.016

•Reduced E6AP/UBE3A expression alters the timeline of EMCV induced cytopathicity.•E6AP/UBE3A facilitates early-infection EMCV RNA and protein synthesis.•E6AP/UBE3A accelerates infectious virion production kinetics in EMCV-infected cells.•EMCV infection results in the redistribution of nuclear UBE3A/E6AP to the cytoplasm. Many viruses make use of, and even direct, the ubiquitin-proteasome system to facilitate the generation of a cellular environment favorable for virus replication, while host cells use selected protein ubiquitylation pathways for antiviral defense. Relatively little information has been acquired, however, regarding the extent to which protein ubiquitylation determines the replication success of picornaviruses. Here we report that the ubiquitin-protein ligase E6AP/UBE3A, recently shown to be a participant in encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 3C protease concentration regulation, also facilitates the early stages of EMCV replication, probably by a mechanism that does not involve 3C protease ubiquitylation. Using stably transfected E6AP knockdown cells, we found that reduced E6AP concentration extends the time required for infected cells to undergo the morphological changes caused by virally induced pathogenesis and to begin the production of infectious virions. This lag in virion production is accompanied by a corresponding delay in the appearance of detectable levels of viral proteins and RNA. We also found, by using both immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation, that E6AP is partially redistributed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in EMCV-infected cells, thereby increasing its availability to participate in cytoplasmic virus replication processes.