Multipesticide residue levels in UHT and raw milk samples by GC-μECD after QuEChER extraction method

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment Vol. 188; no. 4; p. 230
• Main Authors: Jawaid, Sana, Talpur, Farah N, Nizamani, Shafi M, Khaskheli, Abid A, Afridi, H. I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.04.2016
• Subjects: Animals; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; average daily intake; bifenthrin; body weight; Chemical Fractionation - methods; Chromatography, Gas - methods; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecotoxicology; endosulfan; Endosulfan - analysis; Environment; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants - analysis; Food Contamination - analysis; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods; Hot Temperature; maximum residue limits; milk; Milk - chemistry; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; pesticide residues; Pesticide Residues - analysis; Pesticides - analysis; profenofos; Pyrethrins; raw milk; UHT milk; UHT treatment; World Health Organization; Endosulfan; Chloropyrifos; QuEChERS; Profenofos; GC μECD; Bifenthrin; Milk
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5222-6

In the present study, milk samples including raw and ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed milk were analyzed for pesticide residue levels, including five pesticides, viz chloripyrifos, endosulfan (α and β), profenofos and bifenthrin by gas chromatography microelectron capture detector (GC-μECD) after extraction by QuEChERS method. Further confirmation of the pesticide residue was done by GC-MS. The pesticide residual level in raw and UHT milk samples (n = 70) was determined in the range of 0.1–30 μg L⁻¹. All UHT processed milk samples contain pesticide residues within permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO); however, among raw milk samples, chloripyrifos (12 %), α (24 %), and β (14 %) endosulfan were found above the maximum residue limit (MRL). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of these four pesticide residues were also calculated as 1.32, 16.16, 5.30, 10.20, and 9.93 μg kg⁻¹ body weight for chloripyrifos, endosulfan α, profenofos, endosulfan β, and bifenthrin, respectively. It is concluded that the raw milk samples showed higher prevalence of pesticide residues as compared to UHT processed milk.