Characteristics of the copper phthalocyanines synthesized at various conditions under the classical and microwave processes

• Published in: Synthetic metals Vol. 141; no. 3; pp. 259 - 264
• Main Authors: Jung, K.S, Kwon, J.H, Son, S.M, Shin, J.S, Lee, G.D, Park, S.S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Elsevier B.V 25.03.2004; Amsterdam Elsevier Science; New York, NY
• Subjects: Chemistry; Classical; Coordination compounds; Exact sciences and technology; Inorganic chemistry and origins of life; Microwave; Phthalocyanine; Preparations and properties; Synthesis; Microwave; Phthalocyanine; Classical; Synthesis; Pentacyclic compound; Particle size; Transition element complexes; Chemical analysis; Nitrogen heterocycle; Temperature effect; Benzo[c]furan-1,3dione(1,3-dihydro); Copper I Chlorides; Inorganic compound; Characterization; Chemical preparation; Chemical synthesis; Scanning electron microscopy; BET method; Organic ligand; Copper complex; Experimental study; X ray diffraction; Urea; Chemical reaction; Metallophthalocyanine
• ISSN: 0379-6779; 1879-3290
• DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(03)00414-4

Copper phthalocyanines were synthesized by the reaction of phthalic anhydride, urea, and copper(I) chloride at various temperatures and times under classical and microwave processes. The samples synthesized at various conditions were characterized by the means of chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, and particle size analysis. The best yield of 85.1 wt.% was obtained at 180 °C for 4 h under the classical process and that of 88.2 wt.% was obtained at 170 °C for 4 h under the microwave process. Comparison between the classical and microwave processes revealed that the non-thermal effects of microwaves were existed during reaction period because the reaction occurred at lower temperature in a very limited extension.