Orally Administered DHA‐Enriched Phospholipids and DHA‐Enriched Triglyceride Relieve Oxidative Stress, Improve Intestinal Barrier, Modulate Inflammatory Cytokine and Gut Microbiota, and Meliorate Inflammatory Responses in the Brain in Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Colitis in Mice

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 65; no. 15; pp. e2000986 - n/a
• Main Authors: Che, Hongxia, Li, Hongyan, Song, Lin, Dong, Xiufang, Yang, Xihong, Zhang, Tiantian, Wang, Yuming, Xie, Wancui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.08.2021
• Subjects: Abundance; Administration, Oral; Animal models; Animals; Colitis; Colitis - chemically induced; Colitis - diet therapy; Colitis - microbiology; Colitis - pathology; Colon; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Dextran; Dextran Sulfate - toxicity; Dextrans; DHA‐enriched phospholipids; Dietary Supplements; Digestive system; Digestive tract; Docosahexaenoic Acids - pharmacology; Encephalitis - diet therapy; Encephalitis - etiology; Enrichment; Fatty Acids - analysis; Fatty Acids - chemistry; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - chemistry; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics; gut microbiota; inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; intestinal barrier; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiota; Microglia; Oral administration; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Permeability; Phospholipids; Phospholipids - administration & dosage; Phospholipids - pharmacology; Sodium sulfate; Sulfates; Triglycerides; colitis; DHA-enriched phospholipids; inflammation; intestinal barrier; gut microbiota
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000986

Scope Studies based on DHA/EPA supplementation in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reveal controversial results. It is speculated that different forms of DHA may explain the controversial results. Therefore, the effects of DHA‐enriched phospholipids (DHA‐PL) and DHA‐enriched triglyceride (DHA‐TG) on IBD are compared. Methods and results Male C57BL6/J mice are given DHA‐PL and DHA‐TG for 14 consecutive days, and receive ad libitum a 3.0% dextran sodium sulfate solution on the eighth day to establish IBD model. The results show that both DHA‐PL and DHA‐TG can reverse the colitis pathological process by decreasing the disease activity indexes (DAI), raising the colon length, suppressing the intestinal permeability, suppressing the oxidative stress, down‐regulating pro‐inflammatory factors, up‐regulating anti‐inflammatory factor in colon tissues. DHA‐PL and DHA‐TG also regulate the composition of gut microbiota via decreasing of the abundance Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and DHA‐TG increases the abundance of Odoribacter. Importantly, DHA‐PL and DHA‐TG obviously attenuate the activation of microglia. Conclusions DHA‐PL shows outstanding advantages in regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and intestinal barrier permeability. The current research indicates that the existence of DHA affects the improvement, DHA in phospholipid form could be a more effective choice for nutritional intervention to prevent and treat colitis. DHA enriched phospholipids (DHA‐PL) and DHA enriched triglyceride (DHA‐TG) attenuated the DSS‐induced colitis. DHA‐PL and DHA‐TG could improve oxidative stress, suppress inflammatory response, ameliorate intestinal barrier permeability. Moreover, DHA‐PL and DHA‐TG could modulate the composition of gut microbiota. The improvement of DHA‐PL shows outstanding advantages in regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory factor secretion and intestinal permeability.