Initial experience of individualized chemoradiotherapy for superficial esophageal cancers based on the sentinel lymph node concept

• Published in: Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society Vol. 9; no. 3; pp. 147 - 152
• Main Authors: Kaburagi, Takuji, Takeuchi, Hiroya, Fujii, Hirofumi, Saikawa, Yoshiro, Murakami, Koji, Fukada, Junichi, Shigematsu, Naoyuki, Ozawa, Soji, Ando, Nobutoshi, Kitagawa, Yuko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan Springer Japan 01.09.2012; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Chemotherapy; Endoscopy; Esophageal cancer; Esophagus; Gastroenterology; Lymphatic system; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metastasis; Original Article; Radiation therapy; Surgical Oncology; Thoracic Surgery; Radiotherapy; Lymphoscintigraphy; Sentinel lymph node; Chemoradiotherapy; Esophageal cancer
• ISSN: 1612-9059; 1612-9067
• DOI: 10.1007/s10388-012-0317-9

Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) invading the muscularis mucosae (T1a-MM) cause subclinical node metastasis in approximately 10 % of cases. When chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is administered to T1a-MM or deeper ESCC, prophylactic irradiation of areas with a risk of subclinical nodal metastasis may improve disease control. We had an opportunity for clinical observation of the status of lymph nodes in the patients whose hot spots in lymphoscintigraphy before CRT had been included within the irradiation field. Methods We retrospectively investigated patients selected using following criteria: (1) cT1a-MM and cT1b without previous treatments, or pT1a-MM and pT1b cancers proved by previous endoscopic resections; (2) patients with neither clinical nodal nor distant metastasis; (3) patients whose hot spots detected by lymphoscintigraphy had been included within the irradiation fields. Lymphoscintigraphy had been examined with endoscopic injection of a radioisotope around the primary lesion before CRT. Results Sixteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these patients [T1a-MM (4 cases), T1b-SM1 (2 cases), and T1b-SM2 (10 cases)], there were 9 definitive CRTs and 7 adjuvant CRTs after endoscopic resections. The median dose of irradiation was 60 Gy to the primary tumors and 46 Gy to the hot spots. All patients with definitive CRT achieved complete remission. At the median follow-up of 76.6 months, there was no lymph node recurrence. Conclusions Prophylactic irradiation of the hot spots in lymphoscintigraphy may be effective. This result warrants further evaluation concerning the validity of irradiation field settings based on lymphoscintigraphic findings in patients with superficial ESCCs.