Intranasal infusion of enilconazole for treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs

• Published in: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 221; no. 10; pp. 1421 - 1425
• Main Authors: Zonderland, Jean-Luc, Stork, Christoph K, Saunders, Jimmy H, Hamaide, Annick J, Balligand, Marc H, Clercx, Cecile M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 15.11.2002
• Subjects: Administration, Intranasal; adverse effects; Animals; Antifungal Agents - administration & dosage; Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use; aspergillosis; Aspergillosis - drug therapy; Aspergillosis - veterinary; catheters; debridement; Dog Diseases - drug therapy; Dog Diseases - microbiology; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Frontal Sinus; fungi; Imidazoles - administration & dosage; Imidazoles - therapeutic use; Male; nasal cavity; Nose Diseases - drug therapy; Nose Diseases - microbiology; Nose Diseases - veterinary; rhinoscopy; sinuses; Treatment Outcome; Turbinates
• ISSN: 0003-1488; 1943-569X
• DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.1421

Objective—To determine effectiveness of infusion of 1 and 2% enilconazole for treatment of nasal and sinusal aspergillosis, respectively, in dogs. Design—Case series. Animals—26 client-owned dogs with aspergillosis. Procedure—All dogs had typical clinical signs of aspergillosis and rhinoscopically visible intrasinusal or intranasal fungal plaques associated with turbinate destruction. During rhinoscopy, affected nasal cavities and frontal sinuses were debrided meticulously. Nineteen dogs (group A) were treated with 1% enilconazole by use of a modified noninvasive infusion procedure. Seven dogs (group B) were treated with 2% enilconazole via catheters that were placed via endoscopic guidance into the frontal sinuses. All dogs underwent follow-up rhinoscopy for determination of further treatment until cure was established. Results—Age, disease duration, clinical score, and rhinoscopic score were similar for both groups before treatment. In group A, 17 of 19 dogs were cured; 9, 6, and 2 dogs were cured after 1, 2, or 3 treatments, respectively. The remaining 2 dogs were euthanatized before the end of the treatment protocol. In group B, all dogs were cured; 6 dogs and 1 dog were cured after 1 or 2 treatments, respectively. Only minor adverse effects such as nasal discharge, epistaxis, and sneezing developed. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After extensive rhinoscopic debridement, 1 and 2% enilconazole infused into the nasal cavities and the frontal sinuses, respectively, were effective for treatment of aspergillosis in dogs. Intrasinusal administration via endoscopically placed catheters appeared to require fewer infusions for success. Follow-up rhinoscopy is strongly advised.