Magnesium and type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium(Mg) deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with poorly controlled glycemic profiles. Insulinand glucose are...

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Published inWorld journal of diabetes Vol. 6; no. 10; pp. 1152 - 1157
Main Authors Barbagallo, Mario, Dominguez, Ligia J
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 25.08.2015
Subjects
diabetes;Metabolic
Magnesium;Type
Minireviews
syndrome;Infla
Hypertension
Type 2 diabetes
Aging
Insulin resistance
Inflammation
Magnesium
Metabolic syndrome
Endothelium
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Summary:Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium(Mg) deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with poorly controlled glycemic profiles. Insulinand glucose are important regulators of Mg metabolism. Intracellular Mg plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose-uptake and vascular tone. Reduced intracellular Mg concentrations result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity, postreceptorial impairment in insulin action and worsening of insulin resistance in diabetic patients. A low Mg intake and an increased Mg urinary loss appear the most important mechanisms that may favor Mg depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Low dietary Mg intake has been related to the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Benefits of Mg supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients have been found in most, but not all clinical studies and larger prospective studies are needed to support the potential role of dietary Mg supplementation as a possible public health strategy in diabetes risk. The aim of this review is to revise current evidence on the mechanisms of Mg deficiency in diabetes and on the possible role of Mg supplementation in the prevention and management of the disease.
Bibliography:Magnesium;Type 2 diabetes;Metabolic syndrome;Infla
Mario Barbagallo;Ligia J Dominguez;Geriatric Unit,Depart-ment of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties,University of Palermo
Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium(Mg) deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with poorly controlled glycemic profiles. Insulinand glucose are important regulators of Mg metabolism. Intracellular Mg plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose-uptake and vascular tone. Reduced intracellular Mg concentrations result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity, postreceptorial impairment in insulin action and worsening of insulin resistance in diabetic patients. A low Mg intake and an increased Mg urinary loss appear the most important mechanisms that may favor Mg depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Low dietary Mg intake has been related to the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Benefits of Mg supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients have been found in most, but not all clinical studies and larger prospective studies are needed to support the potential role of dietary Mg supplementation as a possible public health strategy in diabetes risk. The aim of this review is to revise current evidence on the mechanisms of Mg deficiency in diabetes and on the possible role of Mg supplementation in the prevention and management of the disease.
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Telephone: +39-91-6552885 Fax: +39-91-6552952
Author contributions: Barbagallo M and Dominguez LJ were responsible for the initial plan, study design, conducting the review, interpretation, manuscript drafting, critical revision of intellectual content, and approval of the version to be published.
Correspondence to: Mario Barbagallo, MD, PhD, Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy. mario.barbagallo@unipa.it
ISSN:1948-9358
1948-9358
DOI:10.4239/wjd.v6.i10.1152