Hierarchical porous carbons with controlled micropores and mesopores for supercapacitor electrode materials

• Published in: Carbon (New York) Vol. 46; no. 13; pp. 1718 - 1726
• Main Authors: Xia, Kaisheng, Gao, Qiuming, Jiang, Jinhua, Hu, Juan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2008; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Chemistry; Colloidal state and disperse state; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Electrochemistry; Exact sciences and technology; Fullerenes and related materials; diamonds, graphite; General and physical chemistry; Materials science; Physics; Porous materials; Specific materials; Surface physical chemistry; Potassium hydroxide; Micropore; Pore structure; Porous materials; Activation; XRD; Nitrogen; Carbon; Precursor; Mesoporosity; Electrodes; Sorption; Microporosity; Transmission electron microscopy; Adsorption; Pore; Electrochemistry; Capacitance; Electrolytes; Surface area
• ISSN: 0008-6223; 1873-3891
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.07.018

Various porous carbons were prepared by CO 2 activation of ordered mesoporous carbons and used as electrode materials for supercapacitor. The structures were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption at 77 K. The effects of CO 2 treatment on their pore structures were discussed. Compared to the pristine mesoporous carbons, the samples subjected to CO 2 treatment exhibited remarkable improvement in textural properties. The electrochemical measurement in 6 M KOH electrolyte showed that CO 2 activation leads to better capacitive performances. The carbon CS15A6, which was obtained after CO 2 treatment for 6 h at 950 °C using CMK-3 as the precursor, showed the best electrochemical behavior with a specific gravimetric capacitance of 223 F/g and volumetric capacitance of 54 F/cm 3 at a scan rate of 2 mV/s and 73% retained ratio at 50 mV/s. The good capacitive behavior of CS15A6 may be attributed to the hierarchical pore structure (abundant micropores and interconnected mesopores with the size of 3–4 nm), high surface area (2749 m 2/g), large pore volume (2.09 cm 3/g), as well as well-balanced microporosity and mesoporosity.