Chicken feather-derived carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization using poly(vinyl alcohol)-glutaraldehyde as the binder

• Published in: Journal of water reuse and desalination Vol. 13; no. 2; pp. 180 - 192
• Main Authors: Samejo, Bakhtiar Ali, Abro, Naveed Qasim, Memon, Najma, Upoma, Nusrat Jahan, Habib, Ahsan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London IWA Publishing 01.06.2023
• Subjects: Acetylation; Activated carbon; activated carbon electrodes; Adsorption; Alcohols; Aqueous solutions; capacitive deionization; Carbon; Chickens; Deionization; Desalination; Electrode materials; Electrodes; Electron microscopy; electrosorption; Feathers; Fourier transforms; Glutaraldehyde; Hydroxides; Membranes; New technology; Polymers; Polyvinyl alcohol; Pore size; Potassium; Potassium hydroxide; Potassium hydroxides; Poultry; Pyrolysis; Saline water; Scanning electron microscopy; Sustainability; Sustainable production; waste chicken feathers; Water desalting; Water treatment; X-ray diffraction
• ISSN: 2709-6092; 2220-1319; 2709-6106; 2408-9370
• DOI: 10.2166/wrd.2023.079

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging technology which is being developed as a promising desalination alternative for charged species from salt water, being electrode materials as key drivers for highly efficient process. Here, we describe synthesis of highly porous activated carbons from chicken feathers using pyrolysis followed by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide in a 1:4 ratio to produce sustainable, scalable, and sustainable carbon electrodes for CDI. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as binder to modify chicken feather activated carbons (CF-AC), which were subsequently crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to produce CF-AC-PVA-GA polymers through acetylation reaction. This resulted from improving hydrophilicity of CF-AC-PVA-GA polymers to raise the electrodes' resistance. Prepared materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and cyclic voltammetry. Fabricated CDI electrodes were used to investigate their performance for desalination, and exhibited different electrosorption capacity at different applied potentials. Modified electrodes possessed good stability in shear conditions and CDI process was stable and reproducible around 16 electrosorption cycles. Salt removal capacity of the modified electrodes (CF-AC-PVA-GA) was found to be 3.89 mg g−1. The obtained outcomes offer important considerations of ions electrosorption and help advancing CDI system for water treatment and desalination.