Causative Mechanisms of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Leading to Adult Cardiometabolic Disease: A Literature Review

The past few decades have shown a worrisome increase in the prevalence of obesity and its related illnesses. This increasing burden has a noteworthy impact on overall worldwide mortality and morbidity, with significant economic implications as well. The same trend is apparent regarding pediatric obe...

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Published inApplied sciences Vol. 11; no. 23; p. 11565
Main Authors Negrea, Mihai Octavian, Neamtu, Bogdan, Dobrotă, Ioana, Sofariu, Ciprian Radu, Crisan, Roxana Mihaela, Ciprian, Bacila Ionut, Domnariu, Carmen Daniela, Teodoru, Minodora
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2021
Subjects
Adolescents
Adults
Age
Body fat
Body mass index
Cardiovascular diseases
Child development
childhood obesity
Children
Disease
Epidemiology
Etiology
Gender
Health risks
Impact analysis
Literature reviews
Metabolic disorders
Morbidity
Obesity
Overweight
pathophysiology
Pediatrics
Physiology
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Standard deviation
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Summary:The past few decades have shown a worrisome increase in the prevalence of obesity and its related illnesses. This increasing burden has a noteworthy impact on overall worldwide mortality and morbidity, with significant economic implications as well. The same trend is apparent regarding pediatric obesity. This is a particularly concerning aspect when considering the well-established link between cardiovascular disease and obesity, and the fact that childhood obesity frequently leads to adult obesity. Moreover, most obese adults have a history of excess weight starting in childhood. In addition, given the cumulative character of both time and severity of exposure to obesity as a risk factor for associated diseases, the repercussions of obesity prevalence and related morbidity could be exponential in time. The purpose of this review is to outline key aspects regarding the current knowledge on childhood and adolescent obesity as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as well as the most common etiological pathways involved in the development of weight excess and associated cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app112311565