Presymmetric w-Distances on Metric Spaces

• Published in: Mathematics (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 305
• Main Authors: Romaguera, Salvador, Tirado, Pedro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2024
• Subjects: basic p-contraction of Suzuki-type; Completeness; fixed point; Fixed points (mathematics); Metric space; p-contractive self map; presymmetric w-distance; Principles; Theorems
• ISSN: 2227-7390; 2227-7390
• DOI: 10.3390/math12020305

In an outstanding article published in 2008, Suzuki obtained a nice generalization of the Banach contraction principle, from which a characterization of metric completeness was derived. Although Suzuki’s theorem has been successfully generalized and extended in several directions and contexts, we here show by means of a simple example that the problem of achieving, in an obvious way, its full extension to the framework of w-distances does not have an emphatic response. Motivated by this fact, we introduce the concept of presymmetric w-distance on metric spaces. We also give some properties and examples of this new structure and show that it provides a reasonable setting to obtain a real and hardly forced w-distance generalization of Suzuki’s theorem. This is realized in our main result, which consists of a fixed point theorem that involves presymmetric w-distances and certain contractions of Suzuki-type. We also discuss the relationship between our main result and the well-known w-distance full generalization of the Banach contraction principle, due to Suzuki and Takahashi. Connected to this approach, we prove another fixed point result that compares with our main result through some examples. Finally, we state a characterization of metric completeness by using our fixed point results.