Strategies for in vivo imaging of enzyme activity: an overview and recent advances
Imaging of enzyme activity in living subjects promises many applications in both basic and translational researches from helping elucidate the enzyme function and mechanism in biology to better disease detection and monitoring, but the complexity and dynamics of enzymatic reactions in living systems...
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| Published in | Chemical Society reviews Vol. 4; no. 7; pp. 4186 - 4216 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
20.06.2011
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Imaging of enzyme activity in living subjects promises many applications in both basic and translational researches from helping elucidate the enzyme function and mechanism in biology to better disease detection and monitoring, but the complexity and dynamics of enzymatic reactions in living systems present unique challenges for probe design. This
critical review
examines the approaches in recent literature to
in vivo
imaging of the activity of a variety of enzyme targets with an emphasis on the chemical perspective of probe design, structure and function. Strategies for designing enzyme-activated probes based on a variety of molecular scaffolds including small molecules, organic and inorganic nanoparticles, and genetically encoded proteins for commonly used molecular imaging modalities-whole body optical (fluorescence, bioluminescence) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and radionuclide-based tomographic imaging, are critically evaluated. Recent advances in combining multiple modalities to imaging enzyme activity in living subjects are also highlighted (255 references).
The chemistry perspective of developing fluorescence, magnetic resonance, nuclear, and multimodal-based probes for imaging enzyme activity
in vivo
are examined. |
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| Bibliography: | Dr Andrew Razgulin obtained his BSc in Chemistry from Colorado School of Mines in 2003 and a PhD in Organic Chemistry from University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2009 under the supervision of Prof. Sandro Mecozzi. In 2010 he joined the laboratory of Prof. Jianghong Rao at Stanford University as a postdoctoral scholar. His interests include imaging probes, chemical amplification, molecular recognition, carbohydrate chemistry, self-assembly, perfluoroalkyl amphiphiles, and computational chemistry. Dr Nan Ma received his BS degree from Peking University in 2004 and PhD degree from University of Toronto in 2009 under the supervision of Dr Shana Kelley. He was a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University from 2009 to 2010 under the supervision of Dr Jianghong Rao. In 2011 he became a professor at Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the synthesis, assembly and bioimaging application of novel nanomaterials. Dr Rao received his BS in Chemistry from Peking University, China, in 1991, a PhD in Chemistry from Harvard University in 1999 under the guidance of Professor George M. Whitesides, and a Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation postdoctoral fellowship at UCSD with Professor Roger Y. Tsien. After a two-year stay in the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology at UCLA as assistant professor, he moved to Stanford University in 2004, where he is currently an Associate Professor of Radiology and Chemistry. His interests include molecular probes for specific labeling of biomolecules and multimodality imaging of diseases, bionanotechnology, biosensors for in vitro diagnostics and prodrug therapeutics. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-3 |
| ISSN: | 0306-0012 1460-4744 1460-4744 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c1cs15035a |