Complement activation in the context of stem cells and tissue repair

The complement pathway is best known for its role in immune surveillance and inflammation. However,its ability of opsonizing and removing not only pathogens,but also necrotic and apoptotic cells,is a phylogenetically ancient means of initiating tissue repair. The means and mechanisms of complement-m...

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Published inWorld journal of stem cells Vol. 7; no. 8; pp. 1090 - 1108
Main Authors Schraufstatter, Ingrid U, Khaldoyanidi, Sophia K, DiScipio, Richard G
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 26.09.2015
Subjects
activation;Embryonic
adult
and
cel
Complement
Review
stem
C3a
Embryonic and adult stem cells
Complement activation
C5a
Tissue repair
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Summary:The complement pathway is best known for its role in immune surveillance and inflammation. However,its ability of opsonizing and removing not only pathogens,but also necrotic and apoptotic cells,is a phylogenetically ancient means of initiating tissue repair. The means and mechanisms of complement-mediated tissue repair are discussed in this review. There is increasing evidence that complement activation contributes to tissue repair at several levels. These range from the chemo-attraction of stem and progenitor cells to areas of complement activation,to increased survival of various cell types in the presence of split products of complement,and to the production of trophic factors by cells activated by the anaphylatoxins C3 a and C5 a. This repair aspect of complement biology has not found sufficient appreciation until recently. The following will examine this aspect of complement biology with an emphasis on the anaphylatoxins C3 a and C5 a.
Bibliography:Ingrid U Schraufstatter;Sophia K Khaldoyanidi;Richard G DiScipio;Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies;Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute
The complement pathway is best known for its role in immune surveillance and inflammation. However,its ability of opsonizing and removing not only pathogens,but also necrotic and apoptotic cells,is a phylogenetically ancient means of initiating tissue repair. The means and mechanisms of complement-mediated tissue repair are discussed in this review. There is increasing evidence that complement activation contributes to tissue repair at several levels. These range from the chemo-attraction of stem and progenitor cells to areas of complement activation,to increased survival of various cell types in the presence of split products of complement,and to the production of trophic factors by cells activated by the anaphylatoxins C3 a and C5 a. This repair aspect of complement biology has not found sufficient appreciation until recently. The following will examine this aspect of complement biology with an emphasis on the anaphylatoxins C3 a and C5 a.
Complement activation;Embryonic and adult stem cel
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Author contributions: Schraufstatter IU, Khaldoyanidi SK, and DiScipio RG all wrote the manuscript.
Correspondence to: Ingrid U Schraufstatter, MD, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, United States. ischraufstatter@tpims.org
Telephone: +1-858-5973898 Fax: +1-858-5973898
ISSN:1948-0210
1948-0210
DOI:10.4252/wjsc.v7.i8.1090