Comparison of change-based and shape-based data fusion methods in fine-resolution land surface phenology monitoring with Landsat and Sentinel-2 data

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 927; p. 172014
• Main Authors: Wang, Caiqun, He, Tao, Song, Dan-Xia, Zhang, Lei, Zhu, Peng, Man, Yuanbin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Change-based data fusion; Data quality; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2; Land surface phenology; Shape-based data fusion; Spatial heterogeneity; Spatial heterogeneity; Change-based data fusion; Shape-based data fusion; Data quality; Land surface phenology; Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172014

Fine-resolution land surface phenology (LSP) is urgently required for applications on agriculture management and vegetation-climate interaction, especially over heterogeneous areas, such as agricultural lands and fragmented forests. The critical challenge of fine-resolution LSP monitoring is how to reconstruct the spatiotemporal continuous vegetation index time series. To solve this problem, various data fusion methods have been devised; however, the comprehensive inter-comparison is lacking across different spatial heterogeneity, data quality, and vegetation types. We divide these methods into two main categories: the change-based methods fusing satellite observations with different spatiotemporal resolutions, and the shape-based methods fusing prior knowledge of shape models and satellite observations. We selected four methods to rebuilt two-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) series based on the harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) data, including two change-based methods, namely the Spatial and temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM), the Flexible Spatiotemporal DAta Fusion (FSDAF), and two shape-based methods, namely the Multiple-year Weighting Shape-Matching (MWSM), and the Spatiotemporal Shape-Matching Model (SSMM). Four phenological transition dates were extracted, evaluated with PhenoCam observations and the 500 m Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) phenology product. The 30 m transition dates show more spatial details and reveal more apparent intra-class and inter-class phenology variation compared with 500 m product. The four transition dates of SSMM and FSDAF (R2>0.74, MAD<15 days) show better agreement with PhenoCam-derived dates. The performance difference between fusion methods over various application scenarios are then analyzed. Fusion results are more robust when temporal frequency is higher than 15 observations per year. The shape-based methods are less sensitive to temporal sampling irregularity than change-based methods. Both change-based methods and shape-based methods cannot perform well when the region is heterogeneous. Among different vegetation types, SSMM-like methods have the highest overall accuracy. The findings in this paper can provide references for regional and global fine-resolution phenology monitoring. [Display omitted] •Fine-resolution LSPs derived from fused VI time series agree well with in-situ PhenoCam observations.•Fine-resolution LSPs reveal clear intra-class and inter-class phenology variation compared with coarse resolution products over heterogeneous areas.•The shape-based methods are more robust than change-based methods when satellite observations are seriously polluted by clouds.•The SSMM-like methods overall have best performance under different landscape scenarios.