Feeding hungry plants: The role of purple acid phosphatases in phosphate nutrition

• Published in: Plant science (Limerick) Vol. 179; no. 1; pp. 14 - 27
• Main Authors: Tran, Hue T., Hurley, Brenden A., Plaxton, William C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.07.2010; [Ireland]: Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd; Elsevier
• Subjects: acid phosphatase; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis thaliana; Biological and medical sciences; environmental factors; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gene expression; gene expression regulation; Genetic redundancy; genome; genomics; isozymes; literature reviews; molecular sequence data; nucleotide sequences; nutrient deficiencies; nutrient uptake; Phosphate metabolism (scavenging and recycling); Phosphate starvation response; phosphates; plant adaptation; plant development; plant nutrition; plants; Purple acid phosphatase; purple acid phosphatases; root exudates; Genetic redundancy; Phosphate starvation response; HMW; AtPAP; Arabidopsis; Purple acid phosphatase; miRNA; Pi; Phosphate metabolism (scavenging and recycling); PEP; Phosphates; Nutrition; Enzyme; Phosphoric monoester hydrolases; Plant biology; Esterases; Metabolism; Nutrient starvation; Feeding; Arabidopsis thaliana; Cruciferae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Hydrolases; Genetics; Phosphate metabolism (scavenging and; Spermatophyta; Recycling; Experimental plant; Acid phosphatase
• ISSN: 0168-9452; 1873-2259
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.04.005

Phosphate (Pi) is an essential, but limiting macronutrient that plays critical roles in plant metabolism and development. Plants have evolved an intricate array of adaptations to enhance Pi acquisition and utilization from their environment. The availability of the complete genome sequence of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, together with a wide assortment of related genomic resources, has significantly advanced our understanding of the adaptations of Pi-starved plants. Information on the genetic identity, subcellular location, biochemical properties, and probable functions of acid phosphatases involved in the Pi metabolism of Pi-starved Arabidopsis is beginning to emerge. Acid phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of Pi from a broad range of phosphomonoesters with an acidic pH optimum. The Arabidopsis genome encodes 29 different purple acid phosphatases whose expression is influenced by various developmental and environmental factors. Pi starvation induces de novo synthesis of several extra- and intracellular Arabidopsis purple acid phosphatase isozymes; AtPAP12 and AtPAP26 appear to be the principal root-secreted acid phosphatases that scavenge Pi from extracellular Pi-esters, whereas the dual-targeted AtPAP26 is the predominant intracellular acid phosphatase that functions in vacuolar Pi recycling by Pi-starved Arabidopsis. The identification and functional characterization of intracellular and secreted purple acid phosphatase isozymes upregulated by Pi-deprived plants may help develop strategies for engineering Pi-efficient crops, thereby minimizing the use of unsustainable Pi fertilizers in agriculture.