Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: looming threat in the Indian clinical setting

• Published in: Expert review of anti-infective therapy Vol. 20; no. 5; p. 721
• Main Authors: Chandra, Prashant, V, Rajesh, M, Surulivelrajan, Cs, Shastry, Mk, Unnikrishnan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 04.05.2022
• Subjects: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections - drug therapy; Acinetobacter Infections - epidemiology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; beta-Lactamases - genetics; Carbapenems - pharmacology; Carbapenems - therapeutic use; Cross Infection - drug therapy; Cross Infection - epidemiology; Cross Infection - prevention & control; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; β-lactamases; Prevalence; cost; multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii; carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii; infection surveillance; mortality; molecular characterization; device-associated-hospital-acquired infections; biofilms
• ISSN: 1744-8336
• DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2016393

The recent increase in multidrug-resistant strains of has increased the incidences of ventilator-associated pneumoniae, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and central line-associated blood stream infections, together increasing hospital stay, treatment cost, and mortality. Resistance genes are dominant in India. Carbapenem-resistant ( ) International clone-2 (IC-2) are rising in India. High dependency on carbapenems and last-resort combination of tigecycline and polymyxins have aggravated outcomes. Despite nursing barriers, ward closure, environmental disinfections etc for detecting and controlling transmission, MDR isolates and nosocomial outbreaks continue. Treatment cost overruns by AMR adversely affect 80% of Indians without insurance cover. This narrative review will cover epidemiology, resistance pattern, genetic diversity, device-related infection, cost, and mortality due to multidrug-resistant and in India. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar using appropriate keywords at different time points yielded relevant articles. It is challenging to enforce policies to control MDR in India. Government and hospitals should enforce stringent infection control measures, surveillance, and antimicrobial stewardship to prevent further spread and emergence of more virulent and resistant strains. Knowledge on antibiotic resistance mechanisms can help design novel antibiotics that can evade, resistance.