New methodologies to accurately assess circulating active transforming growth factor-β1 levels: implications for evaluating heart failure and the impact of left ventricular assist devices

• Published in: Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine Vol. 192; pp. 15 - 29
• Main Authors: Mancini, Donna, Monteagudo, Juan, Suárez-Fariñas, Mayte, Bander, Jeffrey, Varshney, Rohan, Gonzalez, Juana, Coller, Barry S., Ahamed, Jasimuddin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2018
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Female; Heart Failure - blood; Heart-Assist Devices; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Activation; Thrombospondin 1 - blood; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - blood; CHF; TSP-1; vWf; CAD; PAI-1; TGF-β1; LV; HF; LVAD; SMCA; DCM
• ISSN: 1931-5244; 1878-1810; 1878-1810
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.006

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been used as a biomarker in disorders associated with pathologic fibrosis. However, plasma TGF-β1 assessment is confounded by the significant variation in reported normal values, likely reflecting variable release of the large pool of platelet TGF-β1 after blood drawing. Moreover, current assays measure only total TGF-β1, which is dominated by the latent form of TGF-β1 rather than the biologically active form. To address these challenges, we developed methodologies to prevent ex vivo release of TGF-β1 and to quantify active TGF-β1. We then used these techniques to measure TGF-β1 in healthy controls and patients with heart failure (HF) before and after insertion of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Total plasma TGF-β1 was 1.0 ± 0.60 ng/mL in controls and 3.76 ± 1.55 ng/mL in subjects with HF (P < 0.001), rising to 5.2 ± 2.3 ng/mL following LVAD placement (P = 0.006). These results were paralleled by the active TGF-β1 values; controls had 3–16 pg/mL active TGF-β1, whereas levels were 2.7-fold higher in patients with HF before, and 4.2-fold higher after, LVAD implantation. Total TGF-β1 correlated with levels of the platelet-derived protein thrombospondin-1 (r = 0.87; P < 0.001), suggesting that plasma TGF-β1 may serve as a surrogate indicator of in vivo platelet activation. von Willebrand factor high molecular weight multimers correlated inversely with TGF-β1 levels (r = −0.63; P = 0.023), suggesting a role for shear forces in loss of these multimers and platelet activation. In conclusion, accurate assessment of circulating TGF-β1 may provide a valuable biomarker for in vivo platelet activation and thrombotic disorders.