Innovations in Nanoemulsion Technology: Enhancing Drug Delivery for Oral, Parenteral, and Ophthalmic Applications

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are submicron-sized heterogeneous biphasic liquid systems stabilized by surfactants. They are physically transparent or translucent, optically isotropic, and kinetically stable, with droplet sizes ranging from 20 to 500 nm. Their unique properties, such as high surface area, smal...

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Published inPharmaceutics Vol. 16; no. 10; p. 1333
Main Authors Jacob, Shery, Kather, Fathima Sheik, Boddu, Sai H S, Shah, Jigar, Nair, Anroop B
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 17.10.2024
MDPI
Subjects
Bioavailability
Drug delivery systems
Drugs
Energy
evaluation
Flavonoids
Hydrocarbons
Innovations
Interfaces
Lipids
Microemulsions
nanoemulsions
ophthalmic
Ophthalmic drugs
oral
parenteral
Particle size
preparation
Proteins
Review
Surface active agents
Surfactants
Vehicles
Netherlands
United Arab Emirates
evaluation
parenteral
ophthalmic
nanoemulsions
patents
clinical trials
oral
preparation
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Summary:Nanoemulsions (NEs) are submicron-sized heterogeneous biphasic liquid systems stabilized by surfactants. They are physically transparent or translucent, optically isotropic, and kinetically stable, with droplet sizes ranging from 20 to 500 nm. Their unique properties, such as high surface area, small droplet size, enhanced bioavailability, excellent physical stability, and rapid digestibility, make them ideal for encapsulating various active substances. This review focuses on recent advancements, future prospects, and challenges in the field of NEs, particularly in oral, parenteral, and ophthalmic delivery. It also discusses recent clinical trials and patents. Different types of in vitro and in vivo NE characterization techniques are summarized. High-energy and low-energy preparation methods are briefly described with diagrams. Formulation considerations and commonly used excipients for oral, ocular, and ophthalmic drug delivery are presented. The review emphasizes the need for new functional excipients to improve the permeation of large molecular weight unstable proteins, oligonucleotides, and hydrophilic drugs to advance drug delivery rapidly.
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ISSN:1999-4923
1999-4923
DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics16101333