Conditioned preference and avoidance induced in mice by the rare sugars isomaltulose and allulose

• Published in: Physiology & behavior Vol. 267; p. 114221
• Main Authors: Sclafani, Anthony, Castillo, Alexander, Carata, Ion, Pines, Rachel, Berglas, Eli, Joseph, Serena, Sarker, Joymin, Nashed, Mirna, Roland, Matthew, Arzayus, Sebastian, Williams, Niki, Glendinning, John I., Bodnar, Richard J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.08.2023
• Subjects: Animals; Carbohydrates - pharmacology; Female; Food Preferences; Fructose; Fructose - pharmacology; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Postoral food conditioning; Saccharin; Sucralose; Sucrose; Sucrose - pharmacology; Sugars - pharmacology; Taste; Postoral food conditioning; Sucralose; Saccharin; Sucrose; Fructose
• ISSN: 0031-9384; 1873-507X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114221

•Isomaltulose is a slowly digested isomer of sucrose and allulose is a noncaloric epimer of fructose.•C57BL/6 mice preferred isomaltulose but avoided allulose relative to water in 24 h tests.•Isomaltulose preference increased with exposure in C57BL/6 and FVB/N mice.•Exposure effects are attributed to postoral appetition actions of isomaltulose.•Isomaltulose appetition appears less pronounced than that of sucrose. Isomaltulose, a slowly digested isocaloric analog of sucrose, and allulose, a noncaloric fructose analog, are promoted as "healthful" sugar alternatives in human food products. Here we investigated the appetite and preference conditioning actions of these sugar analogs in inbred mouse strains. In brief-access lick tests (Experiment 1), C57BL/6 (B6) mice showed similar concentration dependent increases in licking for allulose and fructose, but less pronounced concentration-dependent increases in licking for isomaltulose than sucrose. In Experiment 2, B6 mice were given one-bottle training with a CS+ flavor (e.g., grape) mixed with 8% isomaltulose or allulose and a CS- flavor (e.g., cherry) mixed in water followed by two-bottle CS flavor tests. The isomaltulose mice showed only a weak CS+ flavor preference but a strong preference for the sugar over water. The allulose mice strongly preferred the CS- flavor and water over the sugar. The allulose avoidance may be due to gut discomfort as reported in humans consuming high amounts of the sugar. Experiment 3 found that the preference for 8% sucrose over 8% isomaltulose could be reversed or blocked by adding different concentrations of a noncaloric sweetener mixture (sucralose + saccharin, SS) to the isomaltulose. Experiment 4 revealed that the preference of B6 or FVB/N mice for isomaltulose+0.01%SS or sucrose over 0.1%SS increased after separate experience with the sugars and SS. This indicates that isomaltulose, like sucrose, has postoral appetition effects that enhances the appetite for the sugar. In Experiments 5 and 6, the appetition actions of the two sugars were directly compared by giving mice isomaltulose+0.05%SS vs. sucrose choice tests before and after separate experience with the two sugars. In general, the initial preference the mice displayed for isomaltulose+0.05%SS was reduced or reversed after separate experience with the two sugars although some strain and sex differences were obtained. This indicates that isomaltulose has weaker postoral appetition effects than sucrose.