X-ray absorption as an alternative method to determine the exhausting degree of activated carbon layers in water treatment system for medical services
Analytical methods based on X-Ray radiation proved to be reliable and sensitive techniques to study activated carbons (ACs). An X-Ray absorption analysis based on digital radiographic images (XRA) is applied for the determination of the exhaustion degree of granular activated carbon (GAC) used in a...
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Published in | Talanta (Oxford) Vol. 205; p. 120058 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
01.12.2019
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Analytical methods based on X-Ray radiation proved to be reliable and sensitive techniques to study activated carbons (ACs). An X-Ray absorption analysis based on digital radiographic images (XRA) is applied for the determination of the exhaustion degree of granular activated carbon (GAC) used in a water purification system for hemodialysis. XRA-method demonstrated the possibility to determine the exhaustion degree at different layers of the GAC filter. The results of the XRA-method were successfully correlated with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), TGA, Elemental analysis (EA), SEM, TD-GC/MS, ATR-FTIR, X Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relaxometry (NMR) analyses. It was demonstrated that the XRA-method is a fast and reliable analytical tool to give indirect information on the exhaustion degree of GAC at different layers. It is also demonstrated that XRA results can be correlated with the results of the other analytical techniques, rather dealing with the composition and morphology of GAC at different layers.
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•X-ray absorption method gives detailed information about the exhausted level of AC layers.•Results of the X-ray method can be correlated with other conventional analytical methods.•It is proved that mostly Ca ions are adsorbed and complexed by the AC filter.•Digital image processing techniques on XRA images and SEM images give additional information on AC charcteristics. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0039-9140 1873-3573 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.058 |