A heteropolysaccharide purified from leaves of Ilex latifolia displaying immunomodulatory activity in vitro and in vivo

• Published in: Carbohydrate polymers Vol. 245; p. 116469
• Main Authors: Shi, Zhaoyu, An, Lijun, Zhang, Shaojie, Li, Zhengguo, Li, Yuhao, Cui, Jianlin, Zhang, Jie, Jin, Da-Qing, Tuerhong, Muhetaer, Abudukeremu, Munira, Xu, Jing, Guo, Yuanqiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2020
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cytokines - metabolism; Ilex - chemistry; Ilex latifolia; Immunologic Factors - chemistry; Immunologic Factors - isolation & purification; Immunologic Factors - pharmacology; Immunoregulatory activity; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - immunology; Mice; Molecular Weight; Monosaccharides; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Phagocytosis - drug effects; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Polysaccharide; Polysaccharides - chemistry; Polysaccharides - isolation & purification; Polysaccharides - pharmacology; RAW 264.7 Cells; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Zebrafish; Zebrafish - embryology; Zebrafish - metabolism; Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (PubChem CID: 64965); Immunoregulatory activity; D-Glucose (PubChem CID: 5793); Neutral red (PubChem CID: 11105); Dimethyl sulfoxide (PubChem CID: 679); Trifluoroacetic acid (PubChem CID: 6422); Zebrafish; D-Mannose (PubChem CID: 18950); Methyl iodide (PubChem CID: 6328); Chloroform (PubChem CID: 6212); L-Arabinose (PubChem CID: 439195); Ilex latifolia; D-Galactose (PubChem CID: 6036); Polysaccharide
• ISSN: 0144-8617; 1879-1344
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116469

•A novel heteropolysaccharide ILP50-2 was purified from leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb.•The structure of ILP50-2 was established mainly through NMR, GC–MS and HPSEC-MALS.•ILP50-2 mainly consisted of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with Mw of 1.49 × 105g/mol.•ILP50-2 showed significant immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. A novel polysaccharide (ILP50-2) was extracted, isolated and purified from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb. Its structure was characterized as a repeating unit consisting of α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, and →3,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→. The absolute molecular weight of ILP50-2 was 1.49 × 105 g/mol, which adapted a compact coil conformation in 0.1 M NaCl solution with Rz of 25.4 nm. Furthermore, ILP50-2 exhibited immunoregulatory activity, mainly through enhancing the phagocytosis ability of macrophages and prompting the release of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Simultaneously, ILP50-2 was found to significantly increase the release of ROS and NO in zebrafish embryos, showing immunoregulatory effects in vivo.