Special Generation of Random Graphs and Statistical Study of Some of Their Invariants

• Published in: Mathematics (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 12; p. 1904
• Main Authors: Melnikov, Boris, Liu, Bowen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2025
• Subjects: Algorithms; Archives & records; Clustering; Communication; Communication networks; Communications networks; Correlation; Digital transmission; global clustering coefficient; Graovac-Ghorbani index; graph invariants; Graph theory; Graphs; Invariants; random graph; rank correlation; China
• ISSN: 2227-7390; 2227-7390
• DOI: 10.3390/math13121904

In this paper, we generate random graphs for a specific area, namely, models of real communication networks. We propose a method that determines the “best” invariant; the corresponding basic algorithm is as follows. For the generated set of graphs, we calculate the numerical values of each of the pre-selected invariants (i.e., indexes of Graovac–Ghorbani, Randic̀, Wiener, global clustering coefficients and the vector of second-order degrees). For all graphs, we arrange these numerical values in descending order, after which, for each of the 10 pairs of invariants, we calculate the rank correlation of these orders; for such calculations, we use 5 different variants of rank correlation algorithms (i.e., usual pair correlation, Spearman’s algorithm, Kendall’s algorithm and its improved version, and the algorithm proposed by the authors). In such a way, we get 10 pairs of rank correlation values, then we arrange them as the values of 10 independent elements of the 5 × 5 table (rows and columns of this table correspond to the 5 invariants under consideration). If the rank correlation values are negative, we record the absolute value of this value in the table. The basic idea is that the “most independent” invariant of the graph gets the minimum sum when summing 4 values of its row, i.e., less than for other invariants (other rows). For our subject area, we obtained the same result for 5 different variants of calculating the rank correlation: the value obtained for the vector of second-order degrees is significantly better than all the others, and among the usual invariants, the global clustering coefficients invariant is significantly better than others ones. This fact corresponds to our previous calculations, in which we ordered the graph invariants according to completely different algorithms.