Evaluation of cell activation promoted by tantalum and tantalum oxide coatings deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering

Previous studies have shown both Ta and TaO to be bioactive, rapidly forming a strongly-bonded surface-adherent layer of bone-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Consequently, Ta and TaO coatings are promising for the surface-modification of Ti or stainless steel e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inSurface & coatings technology Vol. 330; pp. 260 - 269
Main Authors Moreira, Hugo, Costa-Barbosa, Augusto, Marques, Sandra Mariana, Sampaio, Paula, Carvalho, Sandra
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Lausanne Elsevier B.V 01.12.2017
Elsevier
Elsevier BV
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Summary:Previous studies have shown both Ta and TaO to be bioactive, rapidly forming a strongly-bonded surface-adherent layer of bone-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). Consequently, Ta and TaO coatings are promising for the surface-modification of Ti or stainless steel endodontic endosseous implants, being conducive to a reduction in the risk of developing post-operatory infection and/or peri-implantitis disease. That said, few studies have investigated the effect of Ta or TaO coatings on such phenomena as cell activation, adhesion, and proliferation. To that effect, Ta, and TaO films were deposited onto type 316L stainless steel (SS 316L) substrates by reactive DC magnetron sputtering, after which their biological response was evaluated following co-incubation with the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Cell morphology after adhesion was observed by SEM, whereas cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. Lastly, inflammatory response was assessed by quantification of the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). In terms of phase composition, Ta showed a mixture of the α-Ta and β-Ta phases, whereas TaO showed a nanocrystalline structure. Moreover, a decrease in average roughness (Ra) from 21nm to 7nm was observed between Ta and TaO, accompanied by a decrease in water contact angle (θW) from 106° to 83°. In vitro studies showed that cells exhibited significantly better adhesion to Ta, in comparison with both TaO and SS 316L. Furthermore, both Ta and TaO were shown to be non-cytotoxic, with Ta outperforming TaO in terms of relative cell viability, both at 24h and 48h. Lastly, both Ta and TaO showed vastly inferior IL-6 and IL-10 levels to those obtained for cells treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)—prompting the conclusion that the coatings do not in any way induce an inflammatory response from macrophage cells. •Macrophage cells exhibited significantly better adhesion to the Ta coatings.•Ta and TaO coatings were shown to be non-cytotoxic.•Ta coatings outperformed TaO coatings in terms of relative cell viability.•Ta and TaO coatings showed similar levels of IL-6 and IL-10.•The coatings do not induce an inflammatory response from macrophage cells.
ISSN:0257-8972
1879-3347
DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.10.019