Co-valorization of delayed petroleum coke – palm kernel shell for activated carbon production

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials Vol. 403; p. 123876
• Main Authors: Rashidi, Nor Adilla, Yusup, Suzana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 05.02.2021
• Subjects: CO2 adsorption; Physical mixing; Porous carbon; Potassium carbonate; Single-stage activation; Physical mixing; Porous carbon; CO2 adsorption; Single-stage activation; Potassium carbonate; CO adsorption
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123876

[Display omitted] •K2CO3-activated carbon is obtained from mixtures of petroleum coke and palm shell.•Facile activation route through mechano-chemical K2CO3 activation has been applied.•Box-Behnken design is used for optimization of yield and CO2 adsorption capacity.•Optimized activated carbon shows a well-developed porosity and surface morphology.•Porous carbon from blend precursors has superior yield and CO2 adsorption capacity. In this study, a binary mixture of petroleum coke and palm kernel shell had been investigated as potential starting materials for activated carbon production. Single-stage potassium carbonate (K2CO3) activation under nitrogen (N2) atmosphere was adopted in this research study. Effect of several operating parameters that included the impregnation ratio (1−3 wt./wt.), activation temperature (600−800 °C), and dwell time (1−2 hrs) were analyzed by using the Box-Behnken experimental design. Influence of these parameters towards activated carbon yield (Y1) and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacity at an atmospheric condition (Y2) were investigated. The optimum conditions for the activated carbon production were attained at impregnation ratio of 1.75:1, activation temperature of 680 °C, and dwell time of 1 h, with its corresponding Y1 and Y2 is 56.2 wt.% and 2.3991 mmol/g, respectively. Physicochemical properties of the pristine materials and synthesized activated carbon at the optimum conditions were analyzed in terms of their decomposition behavior, surface morphology, elemental composition, and textural characteristics. The study revealed that the blend of petroleum coke and palm kernel shell can be effectively used as the activated carbon precursors, and the experimental findings demonstrated comparable CO2 adsorption performance with commercial activated carbon as well as that in literatures.