Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to deltamethrin toxicity in rearing water

• Published in: Aquatic toxicology Vol. 219; p. 105377
• Main Authors: Dawood, Mahmoud A.O., Moustafa, Eman M., Gewaily, Mahmoud S., Abdo, Safaa E., AbdEl-kader, Marwa F., SaadAllah, Moustafa S., Hamouda, Awatef H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2020
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants - metabolism; Blood profile; Cichlids - genetics; Cichlids - immunology; Cichlids - metabolism; Deltamethrin; Gills - drug effects; Gills - pathology; Histopathology; Immune related gene expression; Lactobacillus plantarum; Liver - drug effects; Liver - pathology; Nile tilapia; Nitriles - toxicity; Probiotics; Probiotics - pharmacology; Pyrethrins - toxicity; Spleen - drug effects; Spleen - pathology; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Probiotics; Blood profile; Immune related gene expression; Histopathology; Nile tilapia; Deltamethrin
• ISSN: 0166-445X; 1879-1514
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105377

•Deltamethrin (DLM)-treated fish showed increased creatinine, urea and bilirubin as well as hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST, and ALT).•Blood haemato-immunological variables were decreased in fish exposed to DLM.•DLM toxicity downregulated the transcription of IL-1β and IL-8, while upregulated HSP70 and CASP3.•The histopathological images revealed damage in gills, intestine, spleen, and liver of fish exposed to DLM.•Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 presented protective effects and restored the antioxidative capacity and the wellbeing of Nile tilapia. Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid used for agricultural purposes to control insects and has been found to pollute the aquatic environment and leads to serious health problems. Lactobacillus plantaruml-137 (L-137) has gained more popularity as functional supplement for its immunomodulatory effects and antioxidant potential. This study was designed to examine the potential of l-137 on liver function, histopathology, immune and antioxidant related gene expressions in Nile tilapia exposed to subacute DLM for 30 days. Fish (mean weight of 28.18 ± 1.34 g) was distributed into four groups (triplicates): the first and second groups fed the control diet, while the third and fourth groups fed l-137 at 50 mg/kg and the second and fourth groups were exposed to DLM (15 μg/L) in rearing water (control, DLM, l-137 and DLM + L-137, respectively). DLM-treated fish groups showed a significant increase in blood biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea and bilirubin) as well as hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT) (P < 0.05). Blood total protein, globulin, albumin, WBCs, RBCs, Hb, phagocytic index, phagocytic and lysozyme activities were significantly decreased in fish exposed to DLM (P < 0.05). Additionally, DLM toxicity downregulated the transcription of immune genes (IL-1β and IL-8), while upregulated the stress related genes (HSP70 and CASP3). The histopathological images of Nile tilapia exposed to DLM revealed damage in gills, intestine, spleen and liver which confirmed the toxic effects. Conversely, l-137 presented protective effects and restored the aforementioned parameters when fish exposed to DLM and fed l-137. Further, l-137 restored the antioxidative capacity (CAT and GPx). Thus, l-137 supplementation exhibited defensive effects against DLM toxicity in Nile tilapia through improving blood biochemical responses, immune, and antioxidant related gene expressions as well as histopathological effects.