Rising population of survivors of oral squamous cell cancer in the United States

• Published in: Cancer Vol. 122; no. 9; pp. 1380 - 1387
• Main Authors: Patel, Mira A., Blackford, Amanda L., Rettig, Eleni M., Richmon, Jeremy D., Eisele, David W., Fakhry, Carole
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.05.2016
• Subjects: Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Age Distribution; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - ethnology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - radiotherapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - surgery; European Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Female; human papillomavirus; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology; Mouth Neoplasms - ethnology; Mouth Neoplasms - radiotherapy; Mouth Neoplasms - surgery; oral cancer; oropharyngeal cancer; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms - epidemiology; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms - ethnology; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms - radiotherapy; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms - surgery; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; SEER Program; Sex Distribution; survivors; Survivors - statistics & numerical data; United States - epidemiology; oropharyngeal cancer; survivors; oral cancer; human papillomavirus
• ISSN: 0008-543X; 1097-0142; 1097-0142
• DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29921

BACKGROUND The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and a subset of oral cavity cancer (OCC) is increasing in the United States. To the authors' knowledge, the presumed growing prevalence of survivors of OPC and OCC has not been investigated to date. METHODS Retrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data (1975‐2012) estimated changes in incidence, 5‐year cause‐specific survival, and prevalence for OPC and OCC. Changes in incidence, cause‐specific survival and prevalence were estimated by linear regression and expressed as the percentage change (B). Differences in incidence trends over time were determined by joinpoint analysis. RESULTS The incidence of OPC increased by 62.6% from 1975 through 2012. Notable increases in OPC incidence were observed among men, white individuals, and those of younger ages. The 5‐year survival for OPC increased significantly for all sexes, races, and individuals aged >30 years, with white individuals and males experiencing the largest increase in survival. By contrast, the incidence of OCC declined by 22.3% during the same time period. OCC incidence decreased across all groups but increased among individuals aged 30 to 39 years. Significant increases in survival were observed for OCC, except for those who were female, black, and aged <40 years. The prevalence of survivors of OPC increased from 2000 to 2012 (B, 115.1 per 100,000 individuals per year; P<.0001), whereas the prevalence of survivors of OCC significantly decreased (B, −15.8 per 100,000 individuals per year; P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of survivors of OPC is increasing, whereas the prevalence of survivors of OCC is declining. These data portend significant implications for long‐term care planning for survivors of OPC and OCC. Cancer 2016;122:1380–1387. © 2016 American Cancer Society. The prevalence of survivors of oropharyngeal cancer has increased significantly in the United States from 1975 through 2012, and the 5‐year cause‐specific survival of oral cavity cancers is also rising significantly. These novel findings portend substantial implications for long‐term health care planning for survivors of oropharyngeal cancer and oral cavity cancer.