Prevalence of consumption of illicit drugs and associated factors from a nationwide epidemiological survey: The Singapore Health and Lifestyle Survey

• Published in: Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore Vol. 53; no. 4; pp. 222 - 232
• Main Authors: Subramaniam, Mythily, Koh, Yen Sin, Sambasivam, Rajeswari, Abdin, Edimansyah, Asharani, P V, Vaingankar, Janhavi Ajit, Chua, Boon Yiang, Chua, Hong Choon, Lee, Cheng, Chow, Wai Leng, Ma, Stefan, Chong, Siow Ann
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Singapore Academy of Medicine Singapore 29.04.2024
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Singapore - epidemiology; Smoking - epidemiology; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; Singapore; hazardous alcohol use; epidemiology; Singapore; illicit drug consumption; smoking
• ISSN: 0304-4602; 2972-4066; 2972-4066; 0304-4602
• DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2023347

The primary aims of the current nationwide study were to establish the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of consumption of illicit drugs and its correlates in the general population of Singapore. A representative sample of 6509 Singapore residents (Singapore citizens and permanent residents) aged between 15 and 65 years were randomly selected for participation. Questionnaires were administered to assess the consumption of illicit drugs and collect information on correlates. All analyses were weighted to produce prevalence estimates for the consumption of drugs and other measured outcomes. Rao-Scott chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with lifetime consumption of illicit drugs. The study was completed with a response rate of 73.2%. The lifetime prevalence of consuming illegal drugs was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-2.8) (n=180). Compared to individuals aged 15-34, those aged 50-65 (odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7) had lower odds of lifetime drug consumption. Current smokers (OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.7-8.3) and ex-smokers (OR 5.9, 95% CI 3.2-11.1) had significantly higher odds of lifetime drug consumption than non-smokers. Individuals with hazardous alcohol use (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.5) had higher odds of lifetime drug consumption than those without hazardous alcohol use. This is the first nationwide study to examine the prevalence of illicit drug consumption in the general population of Singapore. The results highlight the need to increase awareness of drug consumption in Singapore, especially among parents, teachers, healthcare workers and others who work with young people.