Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy

• Published in: Frontiers in medicine Vol. 12; p. 1565414
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yuan, Chen, Guanhua, Jing, Yali
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 2025
• Subjects: atherogenic index of plasma; biomarker; diabetic retinopathy; predictor; type 2 diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetes mellitus; atherogenic index of plasma; predictor; biomarker; diabetic retinopathy
• ISSN: 2296-858X; 2296-858X
• DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1565414

To investigate the relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 584 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups based on whether with DR (non-DR group,  = 382; DR group,  = 202). The association between AIP and DR was assessed by Spearman's correlation and bivariate/multivariate logistic regression. The patients in the DR group showed significantly higher AIP levels than those in the non-DR group (-0.009 ± 0.226 vs. 0.186 ± 0.261,  < 0.001). Compared with those without DR, DR group had higher levels of age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, triglycerides (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), while direct bilirubin (DBIL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower (  < 0.05). According to the interquartile range of AIP, the participants were divided into four groups: Q1 (≤-0.130), Q2 (-0.129, 0.048), Q3 (0.049, 0.220), Q4 (≥0.221). After adjusting for age, BMI, SBP, diabetes duration, DBIL, BUN and Cr, the logistic regression model indicated that subjects in Q3 and Q4 still had a remarkably increased risk of DR (Q3: OR, 2.838, 95% CI: 1.268 ~ 7.067; Q4: OR, 4.414, 95% CI: 1.841 ~ 10.097; all  < 0.05). AIP provided an AUC value of 0.697 for retinopathy in patients with T2DM (95% CI: 0.652 ~ 0.741). AIP is associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with T2DM, and AIP may be a potential predictor of DR in patients with T2DM.