A Review on Security of Smart Farming and Precision Agriculture: Security Aspects, Attacks, Threats and Countermeasures

In recent years, Smart Farming (SF) and Precision Agriculture (PA) have attracted attention from both the agriculture industry as well as the research community. Altogether, SF and PA aim to help farmers use inputs (such as fertilizers and pesticides) more efficiently through using Internet of Thing...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inApplied sciences Vol. 11; no. 16; p. 7518
Main Authors Yazdinejad, Abbas, Zolfaghari, Behrouz, Azmoodeh, Amin, Dehghantanha, Ali, Karimipour, Hadis, Fraser, Evan, Green, Arthur G., Russell, Conor, Duncan, Emily
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2021
Subjects
advanced persistent threats
Agriculture
cyber-kill chain
cyber-threats
Digital agriculture
Farmers
Farming
Farms
Fertilizers
Food
Internet of Things
Mitigation
Pesticides
precision agriculture
Precision farming
Privacy
Risk reduction
Security
Security aspects
security threats
Sensors
smart farming
Taxonomy
Unmanned aerial vehicles
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Summary:In recent years, Smart Farming (SF) and Precision Agriculture (PA) have attracted attention from both the agriculture industry as well as the research community. Altogether, SF and PA aim to help farmers use inputs (such as fertilizers and pesticides) more efficiently through using Internet of Things (IoT) devices, but in doing so, they create new security threats that can defeat this purpose in the absence of adequate awareness and proper countermeasures. A survey on different security-related challenges is required to raise awareness and pave they way for further research in this area. In this paper, we first itemize the security aspects of SF and PA. Next, we review the types of cyber attacks that can violate each of these aspects. Accordingly, we present a taxonomy on cyber-threats to SF and PA on the basis of their relations to different stages of Cyber-Kill Chain (CKC). Among cyber-threats, we choose Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) for further study. Finally, we studied related risk mitigation strategies and countermeasure, and developed a future road map for further study in this area. This paper’s main contribution is a categorization of security threats within the SF/PA areas and provide a taxonomy of security threats for SF environments so that we may detect the behavior of APT attacks and any other security threat in SF and PA environments.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app11167518