Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved Convolutional Deep Belief Network

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 10; no. 18; p. 6359
• Main Authors: Liu, Shuangjie, Xie, Jiaqi, Shen, Changqing, Shang, Xiaofeng, Wang, Dong, Zhu, Zhongkui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2020
• Subjects: Accuracy; bearing; Belief networks; convolutional deep belief network; Datasets; Deep learning; Diagnostic systems; Fault detection; Fault diagnosis; feature extraction; Fourier analysis; Fourier transforms; Industrial applications; Machine learning; Machinery; Mechanical equipment; mechanical fault diagnosis; Model accuracy; Multilayers; Neural networks; Neurons; Probability distribution; Qualitative analysis; Quantitative analysis; Random variables; Roller bearings; Signal processing; Support vector machines; Vibration; Vibration analysis
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app10186359

Mechanical equipment fault detection is critical in industrial applications. Based on vibration signal processing and analysis, the traditional fault diagnosis method relies on rich professional knowledge and artificial experience. Achieving accurate feature extraction and fault diagnosis is difficult using such an approach. To learn the characteristics of features from data automatically, a deep learning method is used. A qualitative and quantitative method for rolling bearing faults diagnosis based on an improved convolutional deep belief network (CDBN) is proposed in this study. First, the original vibration signal is converted to the frequency signal with the fast Fourier transform to improve shallow inputs. Second, the Adam optimizer is introduced to accelerate model training and convergence speed. Finally, the model structure is optimized. A multi-layer feature fusion learning structure is put forward wherein the characterization capabilities of each layer can be fully used to improve the generalization ability of the model. In the experimental verification, a laboratory self-made bearing vibration signal dataset was used. The dataset included healthy bearings, nine single faults of different types and sizes, and three different types of composite fault signals. The results of load 0 kN and 1 kN both indicate that the proposed model has better diagnostic accuracy, with an average of 98.15% and 96.15%, compared with the traditional stacked autoencoder, artificial neural network, deep belief network, and standard CDBN. With improved diagnostic accuracy, the proposed model realizes reliable and effective qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of bearing faults.