Air traffic control: Ocular metrics reflect cognitive complexity

• Published in: International journal of industrial ergonomics Vol. 54; pp. 120 - 130
• Main Authors: Marchitto, Mauro, Benedetto, Simone, Baccino, Thierry, Cañas, José Juan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.07.2016; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Air traffic control; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive strategy; Conflict detection; Decision making; Eye tracking; Mental workload; Simulation; Traffic safety; Visual task performance; Conflict detection; Cognitive strategy; Mental workload; Decision making; Eye tracking; Traffic safety
• ISSN: 0169-8141; 1872-8219
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2016.05.010

The objective of the study was to evaluate effects of complexity on cognitive workload in a simulated air traffic control conflict detection task by means of eye movements recording. We manipulated two complexity factors, convergence angle and aircrafts minimum distance at closest approach, in a multidimensional workload assessment method based on psychophysiological, performance, and subjective measures. Conflict trials resulted more complex and time-consuming than no conflicts, requiring more frequent fixations and saccades. Moreover, large saccades showed reduced burst power with higher task complexity. A motion-based and a ratio-based strategy were suggested for conflicts and no conflicts on the basis of ocular metrics analysis: aircrafts differential speed and distance to convergence point at trial start were considered determinant for strategy adoption. Eye metrics measurement for online workload assessment enhances better identification of workload-inducing scenarios and adopted strategy for traffic management. System design, as well as air traffic control operators training programs, might benefit from on line workload measurement. •We monitor conflict detection task performance in simulated air traffic control scenarios.•We evaluate workload at psychophysiological, performance, and subjective level after manipulating two complexity factors.•Conflicts are more complex than no conflicts, with more fixations and saccades, and reduced burst power of large saccades.•The adoption of a ratio-based strategy in no conflicts and a motion-based strategy for conflicts is suggested.