Quantitative Examination of the Inclusion and the Rotated Bending Fatigue Behavior of SAE52100

This study investigated the effect of maximum inclusion on the life of SAE52100 bearing steel processed by two different melting routes, vacuum induction melting plus electroslag remelting (VIM + ESR), and basic oxygen furnace plus ladle furnace plus vacuum degassing process (BOF + LF + RH) by the m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMetals (Basel ) Vol. 11; no. 10; p. 1502
Main Authors An, Xueliang, Shi, Zhiyue, Xu, Haifeng, Wang, Cunyu, Wang, Yuhui, Cao, Wenquan, Yu, Jinku
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2021
Subjects
Basic converters
Bearing steels
Bending fatigue
Crack initiation
Electroslag melting
Electroslag remelting
Fatigue tests
Inclusions
Ladle metallurgy
maximum inclusion
Melting
melting route
Metal fatigue
Metallurgy
Morphology
Oxygen steel making
rotated bending fatigue
SAE52100 steel
Scanning electron microscopy
Size distribution
Spectrum analysis
Steel
Vacuum degassing
Vacuum induction melting
Weibull distribution
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Summary:This study investigated the effect of maximum inclusion on the life of SAE52100 bearing steel processed by two different melting routes, vacuum induction melting plus electroslag remelting (VIM + ESR), and basic oxygen furnace plus ladle furnace plus vacuum degassing process (BOF + LF + RH) by the metallographic method, Aspex explorer, and rotated bending fatigue test. The rotated bending method was applied to examine the maximum inclusion size in a satisfactory manner, whereas both the metallographic method and Aspex explorer underestimated the result. Regardless of the characterization methods, the results show that the total number of inclusions in VIM + ESR melted steel is significantly higher than that in BOF + LF + RH processed steel, but the maximum inclusion size of VIM + ESR melted steel is significantly smaller than that of the BOF + LF + RH degassed steel. The distribution of the maximum inclusion size could be well fitted by the inverse Weibull distribution and could be well applied to reveal the different inclusion size distribution based on the data examined by the rotated bending fatigue method. Finally, a new equation was proposed to establish the relationship among the loading stress amplitude, rotated bending fatigue number, and the maximum inclusion size.
ISSN:2075-4701
2075-4701
DOI:10.3390/met11101502