Measurement report: Impact of cloud processes on secondary organic aerosols at a forested mountain site in southeastern China

• Published in: Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol. 24; no. 14; pp. 8473 - 8488
• Main Authors: Zhang, Zijun, Xu, Weiqi, Zhang, Yi, Zhou, Wei, Xu, Xiangyu, Du, Aodong, Zhang, Yinzhou, Qiao, Hongqin, Kuang, Ye, Pan, Xiaole, Wang, Zifa, Cheng, Xueling, Liu, Lanzhong, Fu, Qingyan, Worsnop, Douglas R, Li, Jie, Sun, Yele
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 29.07.2024; Copernicus Publications
• Subjects: Aerosol composition; Aerosol particles; Aerosols; Air masses; Air pollution; Air sampling; Atmospheric boundary layer; Carbon; Chloride; Climate and health; Cloud droplets; Clouds; Data analysis; Efficiency; Evaporation; Fog; High altitude; Humidity; Mass spectrometry; Measurement; Mountain forests; Mountain regions; Mountainous areas; Mountains; Nitrates; Optical properties; Organic nitrates; Outdoor air quality; Oxidation; Oxygenation; Real time; Secondary aerosols; Spectrometers; Valence; China; United States > US
• ISSN: 1680-7324; 1680-7316; 1680-7324
• DOI: 10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024

Aerosol particles play critical roles in climate and human health. However, aerosol composition and evolution, particularly secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and aerosol interactions with clouds in high-altitude background areas in China remain less understood. Here, we conducted real-time measurements of submicron aerosols (PM1) using aerosol mass spectrometers at a forested mountain site (1128 m a.s.l.) in southeastern China in November 2022. The average (±1σ) PM1 mass concentration was 4.3±4.8 µg m−3, which was ubiquitously lower than that at other mountain sites in China. Organic aerosol (OA) constituted the largest fraction of PM1 (42.9 %) and was predominantly secondary, as indicated by the high oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratio (0.85–0.96) and carbon oxidation state (0.21–0.49). Notably, the remarkably enhanced PM1 concentrations observed during the daytime on cloudless days were identified to be likely to be produced from cloud evaporation. While more oxidized oxygenated OA was scavenged efficiently during cloud events, cloud evaporation was found to release a significant amount of less oxidized oxygenated OA from air masses transported from polluted regions. The distinct decrease in OA / ΔCO with the increase in O / C during the cloud evaporative period further demonstrates that OA remaining in cloud droplets is generally in a moderate oxidation state. Moreover, organic nitrates were also estimated and showed a higher contribution to the total nitrate during the cloudy period (27 %) than during the evaporative period (3 %). Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of SOA and the influences of cloud processes in regional mountain areas in southeastern China.