A low-profile antenna with parasitic elements and a DGS-based partial ground plane for 5G/WMAN applications

• Published in: Discover Applied Sciences Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 22
• Main Authors: Paul, Liton Chandra, Jim, Md. Tanvir Rahman, Rani, Tithi, Muyeen, S. M., Karaaslan, Muharrem, Shezan, Sk. A., Ishraque, Md. Fatin, Akdogan, Volkan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 22.01.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antenna arrays; Antennas; Applied and Technical Physics; Bandwidths; Chemistry/Food Science; Design; Directivity; Earth Sciences; Efficiency; Engineering; Environment; Frequency domain analysis; Frequency ranges; Ground plane; Impedance; Impedance matching; Internet of Things; Materials Science; Metropolitan area networks; Metropolitan areas; Parasitic elements (antennas); Prototypes; Resonant frequencies; S parameters; Simulation; Software; Spectrum allocation; Substrates; Time domain analysis; Wireless communications; Hexagonal patch; DGS; 5G; WMAN; Partial ground; Parasitic element
• ISSN: 2523-3963; 3004-9261; 2523-3971
• DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05669-9

A low-profile antenna with three parasitic elements is designed and presented for fifth-generation (5G) and wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) applications. This prototype covers the frequency range of 2.75–4.94 GHz, which is applicable for the lower 5G (3.33–4.2 GHz), WWAN n48 CBRS (US) (3.55–3.7 GHz), WiMAX rel 2 (3.4–3.6 GHz), n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz, most European and Asian countries), n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz, USA), and n79 (4.4–5.0 GHz, China, Hong Kong, Japan, and Russia) bands. The prototype is made of a low-loss, commercially available substrate material known as Rogers RT 5880 ( ε r  = 2.2, tanδ = 0.0009) with a thickness of 0.79 mm. The optimized dimension of the proposed antenna is 35 × 25 × 0.79 mm 3 (i.e., 691.25 mm 3 ). The proposed 10-element array antenna is fed by a 50 Ω feeder. The maximum gain and directivity of the prototype antenna are 4.3 dB and 4.75 dBi, respectively. The radiation efficiency of the prototype varies from 86.79 to 92.14% (simulated) and from 86.23 to 91.48% (measured), and it is 89.48% (simulated) and 90.59% (measured) at 3.225 GHz. The impedance profile of the proposed 10-element array is (49.80-j1.72) Ω, which ensures good impedance matching. The VSWR and surface current of the low-profile antenna are 1.036 and 107.931 A/m at the center frequency of 3.225 GHz, respectively. The value of the scattering parameter (S 11 ) is − 36 dB at the resonant frequency. By using a DGS-based partial ground plane and parasitic elements, it enhances bandwidth to 2.19 GHz. Therefore, the tested prototype is an excellent candidate to be deployed for 5G/WMAN applications with respect to the different presented parametric studies. Article Highlights A low-profile novel antenna prototype with parasitic elements and a defected ground structure (DGS)-based partial ground plane for 5G/WMAN communication has been designed and proposed. The prototype of the antenna provides a large bandwidth of 2.75–4.94 GHz which covers the lower 5G (3.33–4.2 GHz), WWAN n48 CBRS (US) (3.55–3.7 GHz), WiMAX rel 2 (3.4–3.6 GHz), n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz, most European and Asian countries), n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz, USA), and n79 (4.4–5.0 GHz, China, Hong Kong, Japan, and Russia) bands. The proposed design possesses excellent radiation characteristics and also exhibits very strong agreement between measured and simulated results. The design is also validated by both time domain and frequency domain analysis. Good gain throughout the large operating band with higher efficiency.