Large-scale and facial fabrication of PbS nanorods by sulfuration of a Pb sheet

• Published in: Materials science in semiconductor processing Vol. 21; pp. 98 - 103
• Main Authors: Cheraghizade, Mohsen, Yousefi, Ramin, Jamali-Sheini, Farid, Saáedi, Abdolhossein, Ming Huang, Nay
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Exact sciences and technology; Field emission; Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties; Materials science; Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy; Nanorods; Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization; Nanostructure; Nanotubes; Optical properties; Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation; PbS nanorods; Photoluminescence; Physics; Raman; Scanning electron microscopy; Semiconductors; Sulfur; Sulfuration; Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties); Vapor deposition; Vapor phase epitaxy; growth from vapor phase; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-rays; Sulfuration; Vapor deposition; Raman; PbS nanorods; Optical properties; Cubic lattices; Photoluminescence; XRD; Nanostructures; Lead sulfide; IV-VI compound; Energy gap; Ambient temperature; Optical characteristic; Sulfur; Nanorod; Scanning electron microscopy; Cubic crystals; Phase composition; Rectangular shape; Field emission electron microscopy; Ultraviolet radiation; Binding energy; Morphology; Large scale; Microstructure; X-ray photoelectron spectra
• ISSN: 1369-8001; 1873-4081
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2014.01.009

PbS nanostructures were synthesized by sulfuration of lead sheets in a tube furnace under sulfur ambiance. The lead sheets were placed in different temperature zones, between 330 and 470°C. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that only the lead sheet placed at 330°C showed nanorods morphology. The prepared nanorods exhibited a rectangular shape with an average diameter of 95nm and an average length of 400nm. The phase and composition of the product were identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The pattern indicated that these PbS nanorods were with a cubic phase and the XPS result showed binding energy for lead and sulfur that belonged to PbS structure. In addition, Raman measurements confirmed the XRD pattern and XPS results and indicated three Raman active modes, which belonged to PbS phase for the nanorods. The optical properties of the products were characterized by UV–visible and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrometers. The optical characterization results showed a band gap for the PbS nanorods in the infrared region.